Pherokine-2 and -3.

Drosophila is a powerful model system to study the regulatory and effector mechanisms of innate immunity. To identify molecules induced in the course of viral infection in this insect, we have developed a model based on intrathoracic injection of the picorna-like Drosophila C virus (DCV). We have used MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to compare the hemolymph of DCV infected flies and control flies. By contrast with the strong humoral response triggered by injection of bacteria or fungal spores, we have identified only one molecule induced in the hemolymph of virus infected flies. This molecule, pherokine-2 (Phk-2), is related to OS-D/A10 (Phk-1), which was previously characterized as a putative odor/pheromone binding protein specifically expressed in antennae. The virus-induced molecule is also similar to the product of the gene CG9358 (Phk-3), which is induced by septic injury. Both Phk-2 and Phk-3 are strongly expressed during metamorphosis, suggesting that they may participate in tissue-remodeling.

[1]  Tanya M. Teslovich,et al.  Genome-Wide Analyses of Steroid- and Radiation-Triggered Programmed Cell Death in Drosophila , 2003, Current Biology.

[2]  N. Perrimon,et al.  Sequential activation of signaling pathways during innate immune responses in Drosophila. , 2002, Developmental cell.

[3]  P. Davies,et al.  The odorant-binding proteins of Drosophila melanogaster: annotation and characterization of a divergent gene family. , 2002, Gene.

[4]  J. Traniello,et al.  The development of immunity in a social insect: Evidence for the group facilitation of disease resistance , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  D. Philpott,et al.  Intracellular vs extracellular recognition of pathogens--common concepts in mammals and flies. , 2002, Trends in microbiology.

[6]  J. Hoffmann,et al.  Drosophila innate immunity: an evolutionary perspective , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[7]  B. Lemaître,et al.  How Drosophila combats microbial infection: a model to study innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions. , 2002, Current opinion in microbiology.

[8]  M. Belvin,et al.  A genome-wide analysis of immune responses in Drosophila , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  P. Schmid-Hempel,et al.  Entomology: Immune defence in bumble-bee offspring , 2001, Nature.

[10]  R. Flavell,et al.  Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3 , 2001, Nature.

[11]  Paul T. Spellman,et al.  Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  D. Zachary,et al.  Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) is a death domain protein that activates antibacterial defense and can promote apoptosis. , 2001, Developmental cell.

[13]  S. Akira,et al.  Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[14]  A. van Dorsselaer,et al.  De Novo Sequencing by Nano-Electrospray Multiple-Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry of An Immune-Induced Peptide of Drosophila Melanogaster , 2001 .

[15]  J. Hoffmann,et al.  Toll receptors in innate immunity. , 2001, Trends in cell biology.

[16]  B. Beutler,et al.  The evolution and genetics of innate immunity , 2001, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[17]  J. Hoffmann,et al.  Microfluorometer assay to measure the expression of beta-galactosidase and green fluorescent protein reporter genes in single Drosophila flies. , 2001, BioTechniques.

[18]  B. Lemaître,et al.  Tissue-specific inducible expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila surface epithelia. , 2000, Immunity.

[19]  A. Scaloni,et al.  Purification and molecular cloning of chemosensory proteins from Bombyx mori. , 2000, Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology.

[20]  B. Jeune,et al.  Virulence variability of the Drosophila C virus and effects of the microparasite on demographic parameters of the host (Drosophila melanogaster). , 2000, Journal of invertebrate pathology.

[21]  A. Scaloni,et al.  Purification, structural characterization, cloning and immunocytochemical localization of chemoreception proteins from Schistocerca gregaria. , 1999, European journal of biochemistry.

[22]  F C Kafatos,et al.  Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. , 1999, Science.

[23]  P. Lucas,et al.  Functional characterization of a new class of odorant-binding proteins in the moth Mamestra brassicae. , 1998, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[24]  T. Kubo,et al.  Molecular cloning of cDNA for p10, a novel protein that increases in the regenerating legs of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach). , 1998, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology.

[25]  M. Moniatte,et al.  Differential display of peptides induced during the immune response of Drosophila: a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  G. Stange,et al.  Molecular cloning, by a novel approach, of a cDNA encoding a putative olfactory protein in the labial palps of the moth Cactoblastis cactorum. , 1997, Gene.

[27]  C. Janeway,et al.  Treatment of l(2)mbn Drosophila tumorous blood cells with the steroid hormone ecdysone amplifies the inducibility of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. , 1997, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology.

[28]  Martin Kussmann,et al.  Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Sample Preparation Techniques Designed for Various Peptide and Protein Analytes , 1997 .

[29]  Dyanov Hm,et al.  Method for attachment of microscopic preparations on glass for in situ hybridization, PRINS and in situ PCR studies. , 1995 .

[30]  M. McKenna,et al.  Putative Drosophila pheromone-binding proteins expressed in a subregion of the olfactory system. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[31]  M. Rosbash,et al.  Members of a family of drosophila putative odorant-binding proteins are expressed in different subsets of olfactory hairs , 1994, Neuron.

[32]  N. Perrimon,et al.  Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes. , 1993, Development.

[33]  T. Boehm,et al.  Novel genes for potential ligand‐binding proteins in subregions of the olfactory mucosa. , 1991, The EMBO journal.

[34]  M. Ashburner,et al.  Genetic resistance to viral infection: the molecular cloning of a Drosophila gene that restricts infection by the rhabdovirus sigma. , 1989, Genetics.

[35]  Jonathan Pevsner,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of olfaction , 1988, Trends in Neurosciences.

[36]  M. Thomas-Orillard,et al.  Interaction between a picornavirus and a wild population ofDrosophila melanogaster , 1988, Oecologia.

[37]  B. Révet,et al.  Characterization of the Drosophila C virus. , 1977, The Journal of general virology.

[38]  G. Brieger,et al.  Drosophila melanogaster: Identity of Male Lipid in Reproductive System , 1970, Science.

[39]  L. Reed,et al.  A SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING FIFTY PER CENT ENDPOINTS , 1938 .

[40]  S. Uttenweiler-Joseph,et al.  A MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Approach to Investigate the Defense Reactions in Drosophila melanogaster , an Insect Model for the Study of Innate Immunity , 2000 .

[41]  Karyn N. Johnson,et al.  The novel genome organization of the insect picorna-like virus Drosophila C virus suggests this virus belongs to a previously undescribed virus family. , 1998, The Journal of general virology.

[42]  L. J. Reed.  A simple method of estimating fifty per cent end-points. , 1938 .

[43]  Leo X. Liu,et al.  Addresses: 1Laboratoire de Génétique et , 2022 .