Topology Stability Analysis and Its Application in Hierarchical Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The hierarchical architecture has been proven effective for solving the scalability problems in large-scale ad hoc networks. The stability of the hierarchical architecture is a key factor in determining the network performance. Although many solutions have been proposed to construct stable clusters, the maximum stability achievable in mobile environments is still unknown. In this paper, we define three metrics for measuring network stability: (1) the cluster lifetime;(2) the intercluster link lifetime; and (3) the end-to-end path lifetime. We model and analyze the maximum of these lifetimes under the constraint of random node mobility. Analytical results provide the fundamental understanding of the bounds on network stability. Inspired by this understanding, we propose a clustering algorithm and a hierarchical routing protocol that work together to achieve the maximum network stability. The analytical results are verified by simulations.

[1]  Stefano Basagni,et al.  Limiting the impact of mobility on ad hoc clustering , 2005, PE-WASUN '05.

[2]  J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves,et al.  Topology management in ad hoc networks , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[3]  Martin May,et al.  Analyzing the impact of mobility in ad hoc networks , 2006, REALMAN '06.

[4]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Multicluster, mobile, multimedia radio network , 1995, Wirel. Networks.

[5]  Vaduvur Bharghavan,et al.  CEDAR: a core-extraction distributed ad hoc routing algorithm , 1999, IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320).

[6]  Stefano Basagni,et al.  Distributed clustering for ad hoc networks , 1999, Proceedings Fourth International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks (I-SPAN'99).

[7]  M. Jiang,et al.  Cluster based routing protocol (CBRP) , 1999 .

[8]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  PATHS: analysis of PATH duration statistics and their impact on reactive MANET routing protocols , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[9]  Prithwish Basu,et al.  A mobility based metric for clustering in mobile ad hoc networks , 2001, Proceedings 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.

[10]  Ram Ramanathan,et al.  Hierarchically‐organized, multihop mobile wireless networks for quality‐of‐service support , 1998, Mob. Networks Appl..

[11]  Sajal K. Das,et al.  WCA: A Weighted Clustering Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2002, Cluster Computing.

[12]  Taieb Znati,et al.  A mobility-based framework for adaptive clustering in wireless ad hoc networks , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[13]  Xiaoyan Hong,et al.  LANMAR: landmark routing for large scale wireless ad hoc networks with group mobility , 2000, 2000 First Annual Workshop on Mobile and Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. MobiHOC (Cat. No.00EX444).

[14]  Xiaoyan Hong,et al.  LANMAR: landmark routing for large scale wireless ad hoc networks with group mobility , 1988, MobiHoc.

[15]  George Pavlou,et al.  Scalable location services for hierarchically organized mobile ad hoc networks , 2005, MobiHoc '05.

[16]  Tracy Camp,et al.  A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research , 2002, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[17]  Vikas Kawadia,et al.  Power control and clustering in ad hoc networks , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[18]  Louise E. Moser,et al.  An analysis of the optimum node density for ad hoc mobile networks , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).

[19]  Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer,et al.  Hierarchical routing in ad hoc mobile networks , 2002, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[20]  A. Ephremides,et al.  A design concept for reliable mobile radio networks with frequency hopping signaling , 1987, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[21]  Alhussein A. Abouzeid,et al.  Routing in ad hoc networks: a theoretical framework with practical implications , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[22]  Symeon Papavassiliou,et al.  A mobility‐based clustering approach to support mobility management and multicast routing in mobile ad‐hoc wireless networks , 2001, Int. J. Netw. Manag..

[23]  Matthias Frank,et al.  Link stability in mobile wireless ad hoc networks , 2002, 27th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2002. Proceedings. LCN 2002..

[24]  Stephen B. Wicker,et al.  On the behavior of communication links of a node in a multi-hop mobile environment , 2004, MobiHoc '04.

[25]  C C. Chiang,et al.  Routing in Clustered Multihop, Mobile Wireless Networks With Fading Channel , 1997 .

[26]  Xiaoyan Hong,et al.  Scalable ad hoc routing in large, dense wireless networks using clustering and landmarks , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Proceedings. ICC 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37333).