Treatment of simulated industrial wastewater by photo-Fenton process. Part I: The optimization of process parameters using design of experiments (DOE)

Abstract The study reported the application of the photo-Fenton process for the treatment of simulated industrial wastewater upon pretreatment by the dark-Fenton process. The process efficiency which depends on several important process parameters such as initial pH, iron catalyst and oxidant concentration, and the UV irradiation type, was investigated. To consider the combined effects of studied process parameters, three-factor three-level Box–Behnken experimental design combined with response surface modeling was applied. The quadratic models predicting the mineralization of simulated industrial wastewater by the applied photo-Fenton processes were developed. ANOVA was applied to evaluate the significance of models and models’ components. The obtained results indicated that both models can be characterized as highly accurate and predictive for the mineralization of simulated industrial wastewater. Our results show that both photo-Fenton processes can be successfully applied for the treatment of the studied simulated industrial wastewater. The presence of oxalates in simulated industrial wastewater strongly influenced the conditions for the maximal efficiency of applied photo-Fenton processes regarding the type of UV irradiation. The optimal conditions were determined to be: initial pH 3.88, [Fe2+] = 5.01 mM (along with [Fe3+] = 8.0 mM) and [H2O2] = 30 mM in the case of photo-Fenton process operated with UV-C irradiation; and pH 1.9, [Fe2+] = 8.39 mM (along with [Fe3+] = 8.0 mM) and [H2O2] = 30 mM in the case of UV-A light application. The “pseudo”-second order mineralization kinetic of simulated industrial wastewater was determined in both cases with the calculated rate constants at determined optimal conditions: k1obs = 12.94 × 10−2 M−1 s−1 and k2obs = 9.71 × 10−2 M−1 s−1 for UV-C/Fe/H2O2 and UV-A/Fe/H2O2 processes, respectively.

[1]  B. Faust,et al.  Photochemistry of aqueous iron(III)-polycarboxylate complexes : roles in the chemistry of atmospheric and surface waters , 1993 .

[2]  Natalija Koprivanac,et al.  Photo-assisted Fenton type processes for the degradation of phenol: a kinetic study. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[3]  Matthew A. Tarr,et al.  Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants: Environmental and Industrial Applications , 2007 .

[4]  Jeyong Yoon,et al.  pH effect on OH radical production in photo/ferrioxalate system. , 2005, Water research.

[5]  R. Goel,et al.  Role of hydroxyl radical during electrolytic degradation of contaminants. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[6]  A. E. Greenberg,et al.  Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater : supplement to the sixteenth edition , 1988 .

[7]  S. Braslavsky,et al.  Chemical actinometry (IUPAC Technical Report) , 2004 .

[8]  Thomas D. Sandry,et al.  Practical Guide to Experimental Design , 1996, Technometrics.

[9]  I. Nicole,et al.  Utilisation du rayonnement ultraviolet dans le traitement des eaux: mesure du flux photonique par actinometrie chimique au peroxyde d'hydrogene , 1990 .

[10]  P. Gogate,et al.  A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment I: oxidation technologies at ambient conditions , 2004 .

[11]  Jeyong Yoon,et al.  Influence of various reaction parameters on 2,4-D removal in photo/ferrioxalate/H(2)O(2) process. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[12]  R. J. Bigda.  Consider Fenton`s chemistry for wastewater treatment , 1995 .

[13]  Danna Zhou,et al.  Fe(III)-oxalate complexes induced photooxidation of diethylstilbestrol in water. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[14]  J. Saien,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewater under mild conditions. , 2007, Journal of hazardous materials.

[15]  S. Parsons,et al.  Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment , 2015 .

[16]  P. Stepnowski,et al.  Enhanced photo-degradation of contaminants in petroleum refinery wastewater. , 2002, Water research.

[17]  Tahereh Kaghazchi,et al.  Application of membrane separation processes in petrochemical industry: a review , 2009 .

[18]  K. A. Connors.  Chemical Kinetics: The Study of Reaction Rates in Solution , 1990 .

[19]  Nihar Biswas,et al.  Using the Box-Benkhen technique to statistically model phenol photocatalytic degradation by titanium dioxide nanoparticles , 2009 .

[20]  Dinko Vujević,et al.  Minimization of organic content in simulated industrial wastewater by Fenton type processes: a case study. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[21]  Kaan Yetilmezsoy,et al.  Response surface modeling of Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution by Pistacia vera L.: Box-Behnken experimental design. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[22]  B. W. Saigo,et al.  Environmental Science : A Global Concern , 1990 .

[23]  M. Lucas,et al.  Degradation of Reactive black 5 by Fenton/UV-C and ferrioxalate /H2O2 /solar light processes , 2007 .

[24]  Warren Viessman,et al.  Water supply and pollution control , 1985 .

[25]  Julián Blanco,et al.  Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis: Recent overview and trends , 2009 .

[26]  R. Nogueira,et al.  Simple and fast spectrophotometric determination of H(2)O(2) in photo-Fenton reactions using metavanadate. , 2005, Talanta.

[27]  Douglas C. Montgomery,et al.  Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments , 1995 .

[28]  Jaime Giménez,et al.  Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: a general review , 2004 .

[29]  Natalija Koprivanac,et al.  Decomposition of phenol by hybrid gas/liquid electrical discharge reactors with zeolite catalysts. , 2005, Journal of hazardous materials.

[30]  J. D. Laat,et al.  Kinetic modelling of Fe(III)/H2O2 oxidation reactions in dilute aqueous solution using atrazine as a model organic compound , 2000 .

[31]  Frank R. Spellman,et al.  Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations , 2003 .

[32]  A. Durán,et al.  Catalytic degradation of Orange II in a ferrioxalate-assisted photo-Fenton process using a combined UV-A/C–solar pilot-plant system , 2010 .

[33]  V Kavitha,et al.  The role of ferrous ion in Fenton and photo-Fenton processes for the degradation of phenol. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[34]  Siddhartha Datta,et al.  Advanced oxidation process and biotreatment: Their roles in combined industrial wastewater treatment , 2010 .

[35]  I. Piskarev,et al.  Degradation of Formic Acid in Different Oxidative Processes , 2002 .

[36]  J. Pignatello,et al.  Role of Quinone Intermediates as Electron Shuttles in Fenton and Photoassisted Fenton Oxidations of Aromatic Compounds , 1997 .