Evolution And Human Nature

We specify a demand function for longevity, or "quantity of life," along with corresponding demand functions for indicators of "quality of life" and a value-of-health and life extension function. We show that the demand for health must be derived in conjunction with that for longevity and the related consumption plan, and that all choices depend on initial individual endowments and terminal conditions. Our comparative dynamics predictions indicate that optimal health and longevity are increasing functions of endowed wealth rather than, necessarily, current income; that improvements in opportunities to produce health can accentuate the differences between endowed health and attained longevity levels; and that the value individuals ascribe to their health may be increasing over a good portion of their life cycle. We use this model to analyze observed empirical variations in levels and trends of life expectancy and in exposure to health risks across different population groups.

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