I Can't Breathe

In this paper, three Black women in HCI and CSCW share their experiences of being Black women academics enduring a global pandemic that is disportionately impacting the Black community while simultaneously experiencing the civil unrest due to racial injustice and police brutality. Using Black feminist epistemologies as a theoretical framework and auto-ethnography and testimonial authority as both methodology and epistemic resistance, the authors exercise epistemic agency to testify to their lived intersectional experiences and the various fronts on which they fight to be seen, to be heard, and to live. Additionally, they advocate for more inclusionary policies of Black women and other marginalized populations within the CSCW and HCI communities. We conclude with a call to action for both communities to: 1) stand in solidarity with Blacks in computing; and 2) acknowledge, disavow, and dismantle Whiteness and oppressive power structures in the field of computing, specifically HCI and CSCW.

[1]  Li Sun,et al.  Exploring the Difficulties African-American Middle School Girls Face Enacting Computational Algorithmic Thinking over three Years while Designing Games for Social Change , 2017, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[2]  Kristie Dotson,et al.  Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices of Silencing , 2011, Hypatia.

[3]  Sheena Lewis Erete,et al.  Protecting the home: exploring the roles of technology and citizen activism from a burglar's perspective , 2013, CHI.

[4]  Jakita O. Thomas,et al.  The Intersectional Experiences of Black Women in Computing , 2020, SIGCSE.

[5]  Jakita O. Thomas,et al.  Intersectionality in HCI , 2020, Interactions.

[6]  R. Gonzales Dark matters: on the surveillance of blackness , 2016 .

[7]  Hannah Lebovits Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor , 2018, Public Integrity.

[8]  D. P. Dickerson,et al.  All the women are White, all the Blacks are men, but some of us are brave : Black women's studies , 1982 .

[9]  Yanni Loukissas,et al.  Engaging Gentrification as a Social Justice Issue in HCI , 2019, CHI.

[10]  D. Fitch,et al.  Review of "Algorithms of oppression: how search engines reinforce racism," by Noble, S. U. (2018). New York, New York: NYU Press. , 2018, CDQR.

[11]  Kent Andersen,et al.  White Fragility: Why It’s so Hard for White People to Talk about Racism , 2019, Journal of College and Character.

[12]  Dan A. Lewis,et al.  Examining technology that supports community policing , 2012, CHI.

[13]  Mariam Asad,et al.  Prefigurative Design as a Method for Research Justice , 2019, Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact..

[14]  Julie Hui,et al.  Community Collectives: Low-tech Social Support for Digitally-Engaged Entrepreneurship , 2020, CHI.

[15]  Lawrence R. Benson,et al.  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , 2017 .

[16]  Audre Lorde,et al.  Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde , 1984 .

[17]  Luke Stark Facial recognition is the plutonium of AI , 2019, XRDS.

[18]  Eric Brandt,et al.  Dangerous liaisons : Blacks, gays, and the struggle for equality , 1999 .

[19]  April L. Few-Demo,et al.  Black Feminist Thought , 2015 .

[20]  Rebecca E. Grinter,et al.  Designing Persuasion: Health Technology for Low-Income African American Communities , 2007, PERSUASIVE.

[21]  Lisa Bowleg,et al.  When Black + Lesbian + Woman ≠ Black Lesbian Woman: The Methodological Challenges of Qualitative and Quantitative Intersectionality Research , 2008 .

[22]  Arthur P. Bochner,et al.  Autoethnography: An Overview , 2010 .

[23]  Rachel Alicia Griffin,et al.  I AM an Angry Black Woman: Black Feminist Autoethnography, Voice, and Resistance , 2012 .

[24]  Lisa Lowe,et al.  Heterogeneity, Hybridity, Multiplicity: Marking Asian American Differences , 1991, Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies.

[25]  Timnit Gebru,et al.  Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification , 2018, FAT.

[26]  Andrea Temples,et al.  Personal notes , 2008, American Potato Journal.

[27]  Kalindi Vora,et al.  Surrogate Humanity , 2019 .

[28]  Karen Buenavista Hanna,et al.  Pedagogies in the Flesh: Building an Anti-Racist Decolonized Classroom , 2019, Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies.

[29]  Sheena Erete,et al.  Snitches, Trolls, and Social Norms: Unpacking Perceptions of Social Media Use for Crime Prevention , 2017, CSCW.

[30]  Robert L. Nicewarner Invisible no more: police violence against Black women and women of color , 2019, Policing and Society.

[31]  John Bound,et al.  "Weathering" and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States. , 2006, American journal of public health.

[32]  Irene I. Blea La Chicana and the Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender , 1991 .

[33]  Alex S. Taylor,et al.  Let's Talk About Race: Identity, Chatbots, and AI , 2018, CHI.

[34]  Shirley Geok-lin Lim,et al.  The Forbidden Stitch: An Asian American Women's Anthology , 1993 .

[35]  Naveena Karusala,et al.  Designing for Intersections , 2018, Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.

[36]  A. Davis,et al.  Women, race & class , 1982 .

[37]  Lynn Dombrowski,et al.  Socially just design and engendering social change , 2017, Interactions.

[38]  Eric Gordon,et al.  @Stake: A Game to Facilitate the Process of Deliberative Democracy , 2016, CSCW '16 Companion.

[39]  K. Crenshaw Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color , 1991 .

[40]  Caitlin K. Martin,et al.  Digital Youth Divas: Exploring Narrative-Driven Curriculum to Spark Middle School Girls’ Interest in Computational Activities , 2017 .

[41]  Yolanda A. Rankin,et al.  Exploring the Plurality of Black Women's Gameplay Experiences , 2019, CHI.

[42]  Devon W. Carbado Colorblind Intersectionality , 2013, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.

[43]  Ryan Miller,et al.  Differences in technology use to support community crime prevention , 2014, CSCW Companion.

[44]  Manfred Tscheligi,et al.  Do We Care About Diversity in Human Computer Interaction: A Comprehensive Content Analysis on Diversity Dimensions in Research , 2019, CHI.

[45]  Rebecca E. Grinter,et al.  EatWell: sharing nutrition-related memories in a low-income community , 2008, CSCW.

[46]  Mark Rifkin,et al.  When Did Indians Become Straight?: Kinship, the History of Sexuality, and Native Sovereignty , 2011 .

[47]  Angela D. R. Smith,et al.  Critical Race Theory for HCI , 2020, CHI.

[48]  J. Warren-Findlow,et al.  Weathering: Stress and Heart Disease in African American Women Living in Chicago , 2006, Qualitative health research.

[49]  Andrea G. Parker,et al.  Family Health Promotion in Low-SES Neighborhoods: A Two-Month Study of Wearable Activity Tracking , 2018, CHI.

[50]  Wendy A. Rogers,et al.  Designing Health and Fitness Apps with Older Adults: Examining the Value of Experience-Based Co-Design , 2018, PervasiveHealth.

[51]  Sheena Erete,et al.  Empowered Participation: How Citizens Use Technology in Local Governance , 2017, CHI.

[52]  Beverly Guy-Sheftall,et al.  Words of fire : an anthology of African-American feminist thought , 1995 .

[53]  Shannon Sullivan,et al.  Inheriting Racist Disparities in Health: Epigenetics and the Transgenerational Effects of White Racism , 2013 .

[54]  Kelly Bedard,et al.  Equal but Inequitable: Who Benefits from Gender-Neutral Tenure Clock Stopping Policies? , 2016, American Economic Review.

[55]  Kentaro Toyama,et al.  Entrepreneurship and the Socio-Technical Chasm in a Lean Economy , 2018, CHI.

[56]  Virginia E. Eubanks Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor , 2018 .

[57]  Jennifer Ann Rode,et al.  Does Technology Have Race? , 2016, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[58]  Adriana Alvarado Garcia,et al.  Quotidian Report: Grassroots Data Practices to Address Public Safety , 2018, Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact..

[59]  Derrick Bell,et al.  Faces at the bottom of the well : the permanence of racism , 1992 .

[60]  Caitlin K. Martin,et al.  Employing narratives to trigger interest in computational activities with inner-city girls , 2015 .

[61]  Sheena L. Erete,et al.  Engaging Around Neighborhood Issues: How Online Communication Affects Offline Behavior , 2015, CSCW.

[62]  Marie Sarita Gaytán Telling to Live: Latina Feminist Testimonios , 2003 .

[63]  Yolanda A. Rankin,et al.  Speaking Truth to Power: Exploring the Intersectional Experiences of Black Women in Computing , 2018, 2018 Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT).

[64]  Elizabeth Stowell,et al.  Investigating Opportunities for Crowdsourcing in Church-Based Health Interventions: A Participatory Design Study , 2020, CHI.

[65]  Steve Elliott,et al.  STEM Diversity and Inclusion Efforts for Women of Color: A Critique of the New Labor System , 2020 .

[66]  Patricia Hill Collins,et al.  Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory , 2019, Contemporary Political Theory.

[67]  Andrea G. Parker,et al.  Social Reflections on Fitness Tracking Data: A Study with Families in Low-SES Neighborhoods , 2019, CHI.

[68]  W. Keith Edwards,et al.  Intersectional HCI: Engaging Identity through Gender, Race, and Class , 2017, CHI.

[69]  Linda M. Perkins Heed Life's Demands: The Educational Philosophy of Fanny Jackson Coppin. , 1982 .

[70]  Alexis Hope,et al.  Hackathons as Participatory Design: Iterating Feminist Utopias , 2019, CHI.

[71]  Lynn Dombrowski,et al.  Social Justice-Oriented Interaction Design: Outlining Key Design Strategies and Commitments , 2016, Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.

[72]  Daniel A. Epstein,et al.  Women's Health, Wellbeing, & Empowerment , 2019, CSCW Companion.

[73]  Christopher A. Le Dantec,et al.  "The cavalry ain't coming in to save us" , 2019, Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact..

[74]  Joe R. Feagin,et al.  Double Burden: Black Women and Everyday Racism , 1997 .

[75]  Kentaro Toyama,et al.  Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology , 2015 .