Self-assembly and molecular "recognition" phenomena in solutions of (bio)polyelectrolyte complexes

Recently published data on polyelectrolyte complexes formed by both oppositely charged synthetic polyions and natural polyelectrolytes (proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids) are summarised. The properties of these complexes and the phase behaviour of their solutions is shown to obey the general trends found in the studies of cooperative interpolyelectrolyte interactions. The principles of functioning of polyelectrolyte complexes that underlie the self-assembly of complexes in solution and determine the ability of complexes to retain stability over a specified broad range of external conditions and then to quickly and reversibly respond with high sensitivity to a change in the environment by changing their molecular characteristics and phase state are considered. The successful use of the results of fundamental research of (bio)polyelectrolyte complexes for the solution of topical problems of biotechnology, materials science and medicine are demonstrated.

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