Using Blended Learning to Enhance Students' Cognitive Presence

The adoption of e-learning has had a great impact on the process of teaching and learning at Malaysian institutions of higher learning. More educators have started encouraging their students to participate actively within groups through online learning (Brindley et al., 2009) as it could enhance students' cognitive skills (Moscinska & Rutkowski, 2011). When the flexibility of online learning is integrated with the face-to-face method, it provides a new experience in teaching and learning. The important question raised was: Does learning in blended mode also increase the students' cognitive skills? As the study of blended learning is based mainly on content analysis (online transcripts), a case study with a qualitative approach was conducted. The findings proved that learning through blended learning could enhance students' cognitive skills.

[1]  K. Perreault,et al.  Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches , 2011 .

[2]  P. Gorsky,et al.  Online Teaching Effectiveness: A Tale of Two Instructors , 2009 .

[3]  Kara L. Orvis,et al.  Learning From Focus Groups: An Examination of Blended Learning , 2002 .

[4]  Jerzy Rutkowski,et al.  Barriers to introduction of e-learning: A case study , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON).

[5]  J. Beitz,et al.  Developing critical thinking with active learning strategies. , 2001, Nurse educator.

[6]  Noel Entwistle,et al.  APPROACHES TO STUDYING AND LEVELS OF PROCESSING IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS , 1988 .

[7]  Gretchen B. Rossman,et al.  Designing qualitative research, 3rd ed. , 1999 .

[8]  Lisa Marie Blaschke,et al.  Creating Effective Collaborative Learning Groups in an Online Environment , 2009 .

[9]  Curtis J. Bonk,et al.  Content analysis of online discussion in an applied educational psychology course , 2000 .

[10]  Charlotte N. Gunawardena,et al.  Analysis of a Global Online Debate and the Development of an Interaction Analysis Model for Examining Social Construction of Knowledge in Computer Conferencing , 1997 .

[11]  G. Boulton‐Lewis Teaching for quality learning at university , 2008 .

[12]  Allison Littlejohn,et al.  Designing for blended learning, sharing and reuse , 2007 .

[13]  M. Joy Research Methods in Education (6th Edition) , 2007 .

[14]  Johnny Saldaña,et al.  The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers , 2009 .

[15]  Lynn M. Hunt,et al.  Developing Innovation in Online Learning: An Action Research Framework , 2004, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[16]  Eugenia M. W. Ng A Comparative Study of Blended Learning Activities between Two Classes , 2010 .

[17]  B. Bloom,et al.  Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain , 1966 .

[18]  D. Garrison,et al.  Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education , 2001 .

[19]  유창조 Naturalistic Inquiry , 2022, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[20]  Fernando Alonso,et al.  An instructional model for web-based e-learning education with a blended learning process approach , 2005, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[21]  Sam Hijazi,et al.  Maximizing Learning by Teaching Blended Courses , 2006 .

[22]  Anthony Kaye,et al.  Collaborative Learning Through Computer Conferencing: The Najaden Papers , 2012 .

[23]  Kay Livingston,et al.  Blending online learning with traditional approaches: changing practices , 2007, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[24]  Kendall Hartley,et al.  Defining and Measuring Quality in On-line Discussions , 2003 .

[25]  R. Marzano Building Background Knowledge , 2006 .

[26]  Uwe Flick,et al.  Designing Qualitative Research , 2008 .

[27]  Olaf Bärenfänger Learning Management: A New Approach to Structuring Hybrid Learning Arrangements , 2008 .

[28]  D. Randy Garrison,et al.  Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education , 1999, Internet High. Educ..

[29]  Jonathan A. Tepper Measuring constructive alignment: an alignment metric to guide good practice , 2006 .

[30]  R. McAleese Flexible learning in a digital world – experiences and expectations , 2003 .

[31]  Patrick J. Fahy Two methods for assessing critical thinking in computer-mediated communications (CMC) transcripts. , 2005 .

[32]  Araci Hack Catapan,et al.  DEVELOPING HIGH-LEVEL COGNITIVE SKILLS IN E-LEARNING , 2012 .