Synthesis of nanocrystalline manganese oxide powders: Influence of hydrogen peroxide on particle characteristics

Nanocrystalline manganese oxide powders have been prepared at 25 °C by precipitation from Mn(NO 3 ) 2 aqueous solution. The presence and addition sequence of H 2 O 2 significantly influence particle characteristics of the resulting manganese oxides, including crystal structure, particle size and morphology, and surface area, depending upon molar ratio of H 2 O 2 with respect to Mn. The precipitation from preoxidized manganese solution by H 2 O 2 results in flakelike-shaped amorphous hydrous manganese oxide (MnO 2 x H 2 O). In the absence of H 2 O 2 , on the other hand, amorphous Mn(OH) 2 is obtained, and a part of Mn(OH) 2 subsequently transforms into crystalline Mn 3 O 4 by oxidation in air. Relative population of amorphous Mn(OH) 2 decreases by dissolution when post-treated with H 2 O 2 . At Mn:H 2 O 2 = 1:4, the well-defined 16-nm-sized nanocrystalline Mn 3 O 4 with homogenous particle morphology is prepared. The treatment with excess H 2 O 2 , however, destroys crystalline Mn 3 O 4 and leads to further oxidation of the aqueous manganese species. Under these conditions, a mixture of needlelike Mn 2 O 3 and cubelike Mn 3 O 4 , including amorphous MnO 2 x H 2 O, is obtained.

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