Linear independence over tropical semirings and beyond

We investigate different notions of linear independence and of ma- trix rank that are relevant for max-plus or tropical semirings. The factor rank and tropical rank have already received attention, we compare them with the ranks defined in terms of signed tropical determinants or arising from a no- tion of linear independence introduced by Gondran and Minoux. To do this, we revisit the symmetrization of the max-plus algebra, establishing properties of linear spaces, linear systems, and matrices over the symmetrized max-plus algebra. In parallel we develop some general technique to prove combinatorial and polynomial identities for matrices over semirings that we illustrate by a number of examples.

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