Robustness of External Annotation for Web-Page Clipping: Empirical Evaluation with Evolving Real-Life Web Documents

Web metadata is crucial for providing machine-understandable descriptions of Web resources, and has a number of applications such as discovery, qualification, and adaptation of Web documents. While annotations are often embedded into a Web document, annotations can also be associated externally by means of addressing expressions represented with the XPath language. However, there has been little empirical study of robust pointing using XPath expressions, in spite of the increasing prevalence of the XPath language not only for use with XSLT, but also in emerging content adaptation systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate the robustness of XPath expressions especially the ones that can be used for the generation of external annotations, and draw practical implications to the reliable use of external annotation.

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