Multi-fidelity efficient global optimization: Methodology and application to airfoil shape design

Predictions and design engineering decisions can be made using a variety of informa- tion sources that range from experimental data to computer models. These information sources could consist of different mathematical formulations, different grid resolutions, dif- ferent physics, or different modeling assumptions that simplify the problem. This leads to information sources with varying degrees of fidelity, each with an associated accuracy and querying cost. In this paper, we propose a novel and flexible way to use multi-fidelity informa- tion sources optimally in the context of airfoil shape optimization using both Xfoil and ADflow. The new developments are based on Bayesian optimization and kriging metamodeling and allow the aerodynamic optimization to be sped up. In a constrained optimization example with 15-design variables problem, the proposed approach reduces the total cost by a factor of two compared to a single Bayesian based fidelity optimization and by a factor of 1.5 compared to sequential quadratic programming.

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