1.06 – Powder Synthesis

This chapter is a compilation of methods and procedures used to extract, purify, and synthesize hard material powders, specifically carbides of tungsten, titanium, tantalum, and niobium, from their respective naturally occurring sources and secondary sources. Special emphasis is given to the production of ammonium paratungstate from various ores and scraps. An updated survey of the current industrial and development processes is also detailed for the production of tungsten metal powder and tungsten carbide. In addition to the carbides, the synthesis of cobalt metal powder and titanium carbonitride used in the cemented carbide market is also discussed.

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