Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Renal Ramifications

eft ventricular assist devices are well- established therapy for end- stage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation carries a Class I recommendation for patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are inotropic dependent or require temporary mechanical support. There is a Class IIa recommendation for those patients with per-sistent New York Heart Association Class IV symptoms despite optimal guideline- directed medical therapy. 1 Contemporary LVADs include the continuous flow axial (CF- axial) pump, centrifugal flow hybrid levitation (CF- hybrid) pump, and the centrifugal full- magnetic levitation (CF- maglev) pump. Currently, the CF- maglev pump is the

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