Genetics of alcohol use disorder

Contrary to the stigmatizing perception, alcohol dependence is not a mark of moral decay, but the result of combining environmental, social, cultural and especially biological factors, family studies finding that about 50% of the risk is due to heredity. Genetic linkage and association studies have failed to identify significant risk alleles, except for the alcohol-metabolizing enzyme genes. Thus, a new approach was needed - genome wide association studies (GWAS) that do not depend on a pre-existing hypothesis and highlighted new polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to alcoholism. A review of family, twin, linkage, candidate genes and GWAS will be briefly presented.

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