Effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for growth promotion of peas (Pisum sativum) under drought conditions.

A series of experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase for growth promotion of peas under drought conditions. Ten rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of different crops (peas, wheat, and maize) were screened for their growth promoting ability in peas under axenic condition. Three rhizobacterial isolates, Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5), P. fluorescens (ACC-14), and P. putida biotype A (Q-7), were selected for pot trial on the basis of their source, ACC deaminase activity, root colonization, and growth promoting activity under axenic conditions. Inoculated and uninoculated (control) seeds of pea cultivar 2000 were sown in pots (4 seeds/pot) at different soil moisture levels (25, 50, 75, and 100% of field capacity). Results revealed that decreasing the soil moisture levels from 100 to 25% of field capacity significantly decreased the growth of peas. However, inoculation of peas with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase significantly decreased the "drought stress imposed effects" on growth of peas, although with variable efficacy at different moisture levels. At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls. It is highly likely that rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase might have decreased the drought-stress induced ethylene in inoculated plants, which resulted in better growth of plants even at low moisture levels. Therefore, inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase could be helpful in eliminating the inhibitory effects of drought stress on the growth of peas.

[1]  S. Yang,et al.  Biosynthesis of stress ethylene induced by water deficit. , 1981, Plant physiology.

[2]  A. Khalid,et al.  Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer , 2006 .

[3]  B. Glick,et al.  Increased ability of transgenic plants expressing the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase to accumulate Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. , 2000, Journal of Biotechnology.

[4]  B. Glick,et al.  A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth-promoting bacteria , 1998, Journal of theoretical biology.

[5]  N. Hoffman,et al.  The effect of plant-hormone pretreatments on ethylene production and synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in water-stressed wheat leaves , 1982, Planta.

[6]  Bernard R. Glick,et al.  PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA THAT CONFER RESISTANCE TO WATER STRESS IN TOMATOES AND PEPPERS , 2004 .

[7]  B. Glick,et al.  Amelioration of flooding stress by ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacteria [aminocyclopropane-1-carboxilic acid] , 2001 .

[8]  Bernard R. Glick,et al.  Effect of transferring 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase genes into Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 and its gacA derivative CHA96 on their growth-promoting and disease-suppressive capacities. , 2000 .

[9]  P. Jamieson,et al.  12 – MODELS OF GROWTH AND WATER USE OF FIELD PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM L.) , 1985 .

[10]  M. Arshad,et al.  Effectiveness of various Pseudomonas spp. and Burkholderia caryophylli containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). , 2007, Journal of microbiology and biotechnology.

[11]  D. R. Hoagland,et al.  The Water-Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil , 2018 .

[12]  B R Glick,et al.  Effect of transferring 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase genes into Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 and its gacA derivative CHA96 on their growth-promoting and disease-suppressive capacities. , 2000, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[13]  M. Arshad,et al.  Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC‐deaminase on maize (Zea mays L.) growth under axenic conditions and on nodulation in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) , 2006, Letters in applied microbiology.

[14]  J. Kloepper,et al.  Emergence-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Description and Implications for Agriculture , 1986 .

[15]  B. Glick,et al.  Plant growth-promoting bacteria confer resistance in tomato plants to salt stress. , 2004, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.

[16]  A. Khalid,et al.  Differential response of etiolated pea seedlings to inoculation with rhizobacteria capable of utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate or L-methionine. , 2007, Journal of microbiology.

[17]  K. Żuk-Gołaszewska,et al.  Effect of the water stress on the productivity of selected genotypes of pea [Pisum sativum L.] and yellow lupin [Lupinus luteus L.] , 2002 .

[18]  Tokuji Shimomura,et al.  Metabolism of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid , 1978 .

[19]  Bernard R. Glick,et al.  A Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium That Decreases Nickel Toxicity in Seedlings , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[20]  W. Frankenberger,et al.  Ethylene: Agricultural Sources and Applications , 2002 .

[21]  M. Arshad,et al.  Relationship between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and their growth-promoting activities in Brassica juncea L. , 2002, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[22]  Malcolm C. Drew,et al.  Ethylene and plant responses to stress , 1997 .