Exosomes Isolated From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert a Protective Effect on Osteoarthritis via lncRNA LYRM4-AS1-GRPR-miR-6515-5p

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exosomes isolated from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on osteoarthritis (OA) and a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Methods Exosomes were isolated from human BMSCs and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanosight (NTA), and western blotting. Chondrocytes were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and then transfected with exosomes. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. Cells with IL-1β and exosomes were sequenced, and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified. Thereafter, a ceRNA network (LYRM4-AS1-GRPR-miR-6515-5p) was chosen for further validation. Results TEM, NTA, and western blotting showed that exosomes were successfully isolated, and PKH67 staining showed that exosomes could be taken up by IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Compared with the control group, IL-1β significantly decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05), while exosomes reversed the changes induced by IL-1β. For MMP3, AKT, and GRPR, IL-1β upregulated their expression, while exosomes downregulated their expression. For PTEN, there was no significant difference in PTEN expression between the control and IL-1β groups; however, exosomes markedly upregulated PTEN expression. By sequencing, 907 DE-lncRNAs and 25 DE-miRNAs were identified, and a ceRNA network was constructed. The dual-luciferase reporter gene indicated that LYRM4-AS1, miR-6515-5, and GRPR interacted with each other. The results of cell experiments showed that LYRM4-AS1 regulated the growth of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes by GRPR/miR-6515-5p. Conclusion Exosomes may alleviate OA inflammation by regulating the LYRM4-AS1/GRPR/miR-6515-5p signaling pathway.