USING VIDEO TO MONITOR PREDATION AT BLACK-CAPPED VIREO NESTS

Abstract We monitored 142 Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapillus) nests at Fort Hood, Texas, from 1998 to 2001 using time-lapse infrared videocameras to identify nest predators. We recorded 59 predator visits (where at least some of the nest contents were removed or destroyed), resulting in 48 depredated nests. Snakes and fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) were the leading predators, accounting for 18 (38%) and 15 (31%), respectively, of all depredated nests. We also identified a variety of avian (19% of depredated nests) and mammalian predators (11% of depredated nests). Despite intensive Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) removal at Fort Hood, we recorded nine predator visits by females of this species, but only one resulted in nest failure. Although predator visits occurred at all hours, most (58%) took place at night. The daily predation rate was higher during the nestling stage than during incubation, partly due to the apparent inability of fire ants to prey upon vireo eggs. We monitored 435 nests without video; field assistants checked the contents of these every 4–5 days. The daily survival rate of these nests was not higher than the rate of nests monitored with video, evidence that video monitoring does not increase nest predation relative to monitoring by human visits to nests. Uso de Video para Observar la Depredación de Nidos de Vireo atricapillus Resumen. De 1998 al 2001 monitoreamos 142 nidos de Vireo atricapillus en Fort Hood, Texas. Utilizamos cámaras de video de luz infrarroja para identificar a los depredadores de los nidos. Logramos grabar 59 visitas de depredación (donde al menos parte del contenido de los nidos fue removido o destruido); en éstas, 48 nidos fueron depredados. Los principales depredadores de los nidos de V. atricapillus fueron las serpientes y las hormigas de fuego (Solenopsis sp.). Del total de nidos depredados, 18 (38%) fueron depredados por serpientes y 15 (31%) por hormigas. También identificamos otros depredadores como algunas especies de aves (19% de los nidos depredados) y mamíferos (11% de los nidos depredados). A pesar de la campaña intensiva de erradicación de Molothrus ater en Fort Hood, registramos 9 visitas de depredación por parte de hembras de esta especie, pero sólo una de estas visitas resultó en el fracaso del nido. Aunque las visitas de depredación se dieron en cualquier momento, la mayoría (58%) ocurrió durante la noche. La tasa diaria de depredación fue más alta durante la etapa de crianza que durante la etapa de incubación, en parte debido a la aparente inhabilidad de las hormigas de fuego para depredar los huevos de Vireo atricapillus. Durante nuestra investigación, monitoreamos 435 nidos sin cámara de video; los asistentes de campo revisaron el contenido de estos nidos cada 4 ó 5 días. La tasa de sobrevivencia diaria de estos nidos no fue más alta que la de los nidos monitoreados con cámaras, mostrando que el monitoreo con éstas no incrementa la depredación de nidos con relación al monitoreo por visitas personales a los nidos.

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