Analysis of Electromagnetic Absorption in Mobile Phones Using Metamaterials

Abstract The reducing specific absorption rate with metamaterials attachment is investigated in this article. The finite-difference time-domain method with a lossy-Drude model is adopted in this analysis. The technique of specific absorption rate reduction is discussed, and the effects of attaching location, distance, and size of metamaterials, perfect electric conductor, and materials on the specific absorption rate reduction are investigated. Metamaterials have achieved a 42.12% reduction of the initial specific absorption rate value for the case of 1 gm specific absorption rate and 53.94% reduction for the cases of 10 gm specific absorption rate. These results suggest a guideline to choose various types of metamaterials with the maximum specific absorption rate reducing effect for a phone model.

[1]  Omar M. Ramahi,et al.  Near- and far-field calculations in FDTD simulations using Kirchhoff surface integral representation , 1997 .

[2]  Li Minhua,et al.  Transmission properties of composite metamaterials in free space , 2008, 2008 8th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory.

[3]  Mohammad Tariqul Islam,et al.  Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Reduction for PIFA antenna Using Metamaterials , 2010 .

[4]  Davi Correia,et al.  3D‐FDTD‐PML analysis of left‐handed metamaterials , 2004 .

[5]  O. Fujiwara,et al.  FDTD computation of temperature rise in the human head for portable telephones , 1999 .

[6]  D. Sievenpiper,et al.  High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band , 1999 .

[7]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity , 2000, Physical review letters.

[8]  P. Vainikainen,et al.  Bandwidth, SAR, and efficiency of internal mobile phone antennas , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[9]  T. Onishi,et al.  Novel Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Estimation Method Based on 2-D Scanned Electric Fields , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[10]  Chih-Wen Kuo,et al.  SAR distribution and temperature increase in the human head for mobile communication , 2003, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450).

[11]  Jiunn-Nan Hwang,et al.  Reduction of the Peak SAR in the Human Head With Metamaterials , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[12]  N. Engheta,et al.  A positive future for double-negative metamaterials , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[13]  Chan,et al.  Metallic photonic band-gap materials. , 1995, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[14]  J. Pendry,et al.  Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena , 1999 .

[15]  R. G. Vaughan,et al.  Evaluation of antenna configurations for reduced power absorption in the head , 1999 .

[16]  S. Curto,et al.  Compact Patch Antenna for Electromagnetic Interaction With Human Tissue at 434 MHz , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[17]  Osamu Fujiwara,et al.  Reduction of Electromagnetic Absorption in the Human Head for Portable Telephones by a Ferrite Sheet Attachment , 1997 .

[18]  A. Faraone,et al.  Comparisons of computed mobile phone induced SAR in the SAM phantom to that in anatomically correct models of the human head , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[19]  E. Ofli,et al.  Effects of Hand Phantom on Mobile Phone Antenna Performance , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[20]  N. Kuster,et al.  Dipole configurations with strongly improved radiation efficiency for hand-held transceivers , 1998 .

[21]  Akimasa Hirata,et al.  Folded‐loop antenna with a reflector for mobile handsets at 2.0 GHz , 2004 .

[22]  A. Erentok,et al.  Characterization of a volumetric metamaterial realization of an artificial magnetic conductor for antenna applications , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[23]  P. Czerski,et al.  Guidelines on limits of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 300 GHz. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association. , 1988, Health physics.

[24]  David R. Smith,et al.  Negative refractive index in left-handed materials. , 2000, Physical review letters.

[25]  Sai-Wing Leung,et al.  Experimental study of SAR reduction on commercial products and shielding materials in mobile phone applications , 2003 .

[26]  Mohammad Tariqul Islam,et al.  Design analysis of ferrite sheet attachment for sar reduction in human head , 2009 .

[27]  R. Ziolkowski.  Design, fabrication, and testing of double negative metamaterials , 2003 .

[28]  Jørgen Bach Andersen,et al.  Integrated antennas for hand-held telephones with low absorption , 1994, VTC.

[29]  R. Luebbers,et al.  The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics , 1993 .