Multi-frequency path loss in an outdoor to indoor macrocellular scenario

Multi-frequency path loss measurements have been conducted in an outdoor to indoor macrocellular scenario. Four discrete CW signals were transmitted in the band 460–5100 MHz from the roof of a 29 meters tall building. The loss was measured inside and outside 5 different buildings at distances up to 600 m from the base station. Excess and building penetration loss and their dependencies on frequency and floor level have been studied. It was found that the loss decreases as the floor height increases. Based on corresponding measurement data an empirical building penetration loss model based on the transition between floor levels for which the building is in non line of sight and in line of sight condition with respect to the base station is proposed. Moreover, it was found that the excess path loss increases somewhat with increasing frequency, in particular in the range 2–5 GHz. It was found that the indoor excess path loss could be approximated with a lognormal distribution around about 30 dB.

[1]  Patrick Claus F. Eggers,et al.  Urban area radio propagation measurements at 955 and 1845 MHz for small and micro cells , 1991, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM '91: Countdown to the New Millennium. Conference Record.

[2]  L. Melin,et al.  Radio wave propagation: A comparison between 900 and 1800 MHz , 1993, IEEE 43rd Vehicular Technology Conference.

[3]  A.M.D. Turkmani,et al.  Estimating coverage of radio transmission into and within buildings at 900, 1800, and 2300 MHz , 1998, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[4]  M. Umehira,et al.  A Path Loss Model in Residential Areas Based on Measurement Studies Using a 5.2-GHz/2.2-GHz Dual Band Antenna , 2001 .

[5]  A.M.D. Turkmani,et al.  Propagation into and within buildings at 900, 1800 and 2300 MHz , 1992, [1992 Proceedings] Vehicular Technology Society 42nd VTS Conference - Frontiers of Technology.

[6]  Jonas Medbo,et al.  Carrier Frequency Effects on Path Loss , 2006, 2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference.

[7]  L. H. Loew,et al.  Radio propagation into buildings at 912, 1920, and 5990 MHz using microcells , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 3rd IEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communications.

[8]  J.-E. Berg.  Building penetration loss along urban street microcells , 1996, Proceedings of PIMRC '96 - 7th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Communications.

[9]  F.M. Landstorfer,et al.  Measurement of building penetration loss and propagation models for radio transmission into buildings , 1999, Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324).

[10]  Y. Oda,et al.  Measured path loss and multipath propagation characteristics in UHF and microwave frequency bands for urban mobile communications , 2001, IEEE VTS 53rd Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37202).

[11]  R. Gahleitner,et al.  Radio wave penetration into urban buildings in small cells and microcells , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC).

[12]  J. M. Durante.  Building penetration loss at 900 MHz , 1973 .

[13]  E.F.T. Martijn,et al.  Characterization of radio wave propagation into buildings at 1800 MHz , 2003, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.