The ups and downs of benthic ecology: considerations of scale, heterogeneity and surveillance for benthic-pelagic coupling

Dave Raffaelli*, Elanor Bell, Guntram Weithoff, Asako Matsumoto, Juan Jose Cruz-Motta, Pete Kershaw, Ruth Parker, Dave Parry, Malcolm Jones Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK b Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany Marine Ecosystems Research Department, Japan Marine Science and Technology Centre, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, Marine Ecology Laboratories, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia The Centre for Fisheries, Environment and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK Plymouth Environmental Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK

[1]  G. Matsumoto,et al.  Deep-sea benthic and benthopelagic medusae: recent observations from submersibles and a remotely operated vehicle , 1992 .

[2]  S. Piraino,et al.  The continuity of living matter and the discontinuities of its constituents: do plankton and benthos really exist? , 1996, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[3]  G. Mackie,et al.  Swimming and vertical migration of Aurelia aurita (L) in a deep tank , 1981 .

[4]  P. Puig,et al.  Resting stages in a submarine canyon: a component of shallow–deep-sea coupling? , 2000, Hydrobiologia.

[5]  S. Thrush,et al.  Benthic‐pelagic coupling and suspension‐feeding bivalves: Linking site‐specific sediment flux and biodeposition to benthic community structure , 2001 .

[6]  Mark D. Ohman,et al.  The Demographic Benefits of Diel Vertical Migration by Zooplankton , 1990 .

[7]  R. Macarthur.  The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture , 2005 .

[8]  G. Graf.  Benthic-pelagic coupling: a benthic view , 1992 .

[9]  R. O'Neill,et al.  The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital , 1997, Nature.

[10]  H. Okano,et al.  Torishima Whale Bone Deep-sea Animal Community Assemblage , 1993 .

[11]  W. Ambrose,et al.  Biochemical cycling and sediment ecology , 1999 .

[12]  P. Hamblin,et al.  Benthic‐Pelagic coupling over a zebra mussel reef in western Lake Erie , 2001 .

[13]  S. Arnott,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT AND RE-ACIDIFICATION ON ZOOPLANKTON EMERGENCE FROM RESTING STAGES , 2002 .

[14]  C. Smith.  Whale falls: chemosynthesis on the deep seafloor , 1992 .

[15]  Ramón Margalef.  Perspectives in Ecological Theory , 1968 .

[16]  H. Roe,et al.  Patterns and selectivity in the feeding of certain mesopelagic fishes , 1974 .

[17]  G. Polis,et al.  TOWARD AN INTEGRATION OF LANDSCAPE AND FOOD WEB ECOLOGY : The Dynamics of Spatially Subsidized Food Webs , 2005 .

[18]  A. Ansell,et al.  The annual cycle of sediment turnover by the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman) in a Scottish sea loch , 1999 .

[19]  S. Jennings,et al.  Modelling potential impacts of bottom trawl fisheries on soft sediment biogeochemistry in the North Sea† , 2001, Geochemical transactions.

[20]  P. Kershaw,et al.  Observations on the redistribution of plutonium and americium in the Irish Sea sediments, 1978 to 1996: concentrations and inventories , 1999 .

[21]  S. Quarta,et al.  Resting stages in marine sediments off the Italian coast , 1995 .

[22]  R. V. O'Neill,et al.  10. Perspectives in Hierarchy and Scale , 1989 .

[23]  K. Ellingsen.  Biodiversity of a continental shelf soft-sediment macrobenthos community , 2001 .

[24]  K. Tsukamoto.  Discovery of the spawning area for Japanese eel , 1992, Nature.

[25]  P. Foxton.  The Vertical Distribution of Pelagic Decapods [Crustacea: Natantia] Collected on the Sond Cruise 1965 I. The Caridea , 1970, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

[26]  M. Dagg.  Some effects of patch food environments on copepods , 1977 .

[27]  K. Gaston,et al.  Occupancy-abundance relationships and sampling scales , 2000 .

[28]  Michel J. Kaiser,et al.  The effects of fishing on non-target species and habitats: biological, conservation and socio-economic issues , 2000 .

[29]  J. F. Walters,et al.  MESOPELAGIC MICRONEKTONIN HAWAIIANWATERS: FAUNAL COMPOSITION, STANDING STOCK, AND DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION , 1975 .

[30]  S. Jennings,et al.  Spatial and temporal patterns in North Sea fishing effort , 2000 .

[31]  Hunter J. Carrick,et al.  Can Wind-Induced Resuspension of Meroplankton Affect Phytoplankton Dynamics? , 1995, Journal of the North American Benthological Society.

[32]  P. Pepin,et al.  Scale-dependent variations in the precision of larval fish abundance estimates: a study of Sebastes sp. on Flemish Cap , 1997 .

[33]  I. Vuorinen.  Vertical migration of Eurytemora (Crustacea, Copepoda): a compromise between the risks of predation and decreased fecundity , 1987 .

[34]  Peter J. Edmunds,et al.  The importance of sampling scale in ecology: kilometer-wide variation in coral reef communities , 1996 .

[35]  R. Sponseller,et al.  Relationships between land use, spatial scale and stream macroinvertebrate communities , 2001 .

[36]  L. Hansson.  Algal recruitment from lake sediments in relation to grazing, sinking, and dominance patterns in the phytoplankton community , 1996 .

[37]  S. Jennings,et al.  Impacts of trawling disturbance on the trophic structure of benthic invertebrate communities , 2001 .

[38]  Burt T. De Stasio.  The role of dormancy and emergence patterns in the dynamics of a freshwater zooplankton community , 1990 .

[39]  M. Huettel,et al.  Transport and degradation of phytoplankton in permeable sediment , 2000 .

[40]  S. Thrush,et al.  Detection of acoustic class boundaries in soft sediment systems using the seafloor acoustic discrimination system QTC VIEW , 2001 .

[41]  N. Marcus,et al.  Minireview: The importance of benthic‐pelagic coupling and the forgotten role of life cycles in coastal aquatic systems , 1998 .

[42]  Yoh Iwasa,et al.  Demographic Theory for an Open Marine Population with Space-Limited Recruitment , 1985 .

[43]  Dazhong Wen.  Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions , 1997 .

[44]  O. Rhodes,et al.  Population Dynamics in Ecological Space and Time , 1996 .

[45]  Alan D. Ansell,et al.  Biology and ecology of Shallow coastal waters , 1997 .

[46]  C. Ekberg,et al.  Relationship between planktonic dinoflagellate abundance, cysts recovered in sediment traps and environmental factors in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden , 2001 .

[47]  D. Raffaelli,et al.  Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process. , 1995 .

[48]  A. Bailey‐Watts,et al.  An assessment of the influence of recruitment from the sediment on the development of planktonic populations of cyanobacteria in a temperate mesotrophic lake , 1999 .

[49]  John S. Gray,et al.  ANIMAL-SEDIMENT RELATIONSHIPS. , 1974 .

[50]  P. Soranno,et al.  Patterns in algal recruitment from sediment to water in a dimictic, eutrophic lake , 1994 .

[51]  S. Levin,et al.  FROM INDIVIDUALS TO POPULATION DENSITIES: SEARCHING FOR THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE OF NONTRIVIAL DETERMINISM , 1999 .

[52]  H. Roe.  The Food and Feeding Habits of the Sperm Whales (Physeter Catodon L.) Taken off the West Coast of Iceland , 1969 .

[53]  Johs. Schmidt,et al.  The Breeding Places of the Eel , 1923 .

[54]  J. Deming,et al.  Vent fauna on whale remains , 1989, Nature.

[55]  Guy Woodward,et al.  Food web structure in riverine landscapes , 2002 .

[56]  Peter Herring,et al.  The Biology of the deep ocean , 2002 .

[57]  S. F. Mitchell,et al.  Does sediment resuspension have persistent effects on phytoplankton? Experimental studies in three shallow lakes , 1998 .

[58]  M. Risk,et al.  Intertidal Catastrophes: Effect of Storms and Hurricanes on Intertidal Benthos of the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy , 1979 .

[59]  R. Warwick.  The role of meiofauna in the marine ecosystem: evolutionary considerations , 1989 .

[60]  K. Gaston.  Global patterns in biodiversity , 2000, Nature.

[61]  David L. Williams,et al.  Submarine Thermal Springs on the Gal�pagos Rift , 1979, Science.

[62]  K. Essink,et al.  On the pelagic occurrence and dispersal of the benthic amphipod Corophium volutator , 1989, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

[63]  N. Hairston,et al.  The effect of diapause emergence on the seasonal dynamics of a zooplankton assemblage , 2000 .

[64]  S. Levin.  The problem of pattern and scale in ecology , 1992 .

[65]  D. Cushing,et al.  The ecology of the seas , 1978 .

[66]  M. L. Cadenasso,et al.  Landscape Ecology: Spatial Heterogeneity in Ecological Systems , 1995, Science.

[67]  H. Miyake,et al.  Scyphomedusa Aurelia limbata (Brandt, 1838) found in deep waters off Kushiro, Hokkaido, Northern Japan.(Behavior Biology and Ecology)(Proceeding of the Seventy-Third Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan) , 2001 .

[68]  T. Okutani,et al.  The deepest chemosynthesis-based community yet discovered from the hadal zone, 7326 m deep, in the Japan Trench , 1999 .

[69]  R. Pentreath,et al.  The incorporation of plutonium, americium and curium into the Irish Sea seabed by biological activity , 1984 .

[70]  R. Shiel,et al.  Rotifer resting egg densities in lakes of different trophic state, and their assessment using emergence and egg counts. , 2002 .

[71]  S. Wainright.  Stimulation of Heterotrophic Microplankton Production by Resuspended Marine Sediments , 1987, Science.

[72]  F. Storbeck,et al.  Micro-scale distribution of beam trawl effort in the southern North Sea between 1993 and 1996 in relation to the trawling frequency of the sea bed and the impact on benthic organisms , 1998 .

[73]  R. Lewin.  Supply-Side Ecology: Existing models of population structure and dynamics of ecological communities have tended to ignore the effect of the influx of new members into the communities. , 1986, Science.

[74]  Roberta L. Marinelli,et al.  Experimental evidence for linkages between infaunal recruitment, disturbance, and sediment surface chemistry , 2002 .

[75]  D. Hart,et al.  Stream insects as passive suspension feeders: effects of velocity and food concentration on feeding performance , 2002, Oecologia.

[76]  J. V. Beusekom,et al.  Wind- and tide-induced resuspension of sediment and microphytobenthos from tidal flats in the Ems estuary , 1995 .

[77]  F. Dobbs,et al.  Immediate effects of a storm on coastal infauna , 1983 .

[78]  M. Huettel,et al.  Porewater flow in permeable sediment , 2000 .

[79]  D. Schneider,et al.  Scaling-up from experiments to complex ecological systems: Where to next? , 1997 .

[80]  S. Glenn,et al.  Storm‐dominated bottom boundary layer dynamics on the Northern California Continental Shelf: Measurements and predictions , 1987 .

[81]  D. Schindler,et al.  Contribution of Gammarus lacustris to phosphorus recycling in a fishless alpine lake , 1999 .

[82]  N. Marcus.  Seasonal study of planktonic copepods and their benthic resting eggs in northern California coastal waters , 1995 .

[83]  R. Osman,et al.  A new device for studying benthic invertebrate recruitment , 1998 .

[84]  J. Roughgarden,et al.  Larval settlement rate: A leading determinant of structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[85]  N. Marcus,et al.  Recruitment of individuals into the plankton: The importance of bioturbation1 , 1986 .

[86]  S. Bollens,et al.  Ovigerity, selective predation, and variable diel vertical migration in Euchaeta elongata (Copepoda: Calanoida) , 1991, Oecologia.

[87]  G. Arnqvist,et al.  Meta-analysis: synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution. , 1995, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[88]  C. Mills,et al.  In situ observations of the behavior of mesopelagic Solmissus narcomedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) , 1988 .

[89]  T. Garstecki,et al.  Effects of resuspension and mixing on population dynamics and trophic interactions in a model benthic microbial food web , 2001 .

[90]  R. Zajac.  Understanding the Sea Floor Landscape in Relation to Impact Assessment and Environmental Management in Coastal Marine Sediments , 1999 .

[91]  S. Bell,et al.  Seagrass landscapes: a terrestrial approach to the marine subtidal environment. , 1994, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[92]  A. Ansell,et al.  A field test of the effects of megafaunal burrows on benthic chamber measurements of sediment-water solute fluxes , 2000 .

[93]  R. Warwick,et al.  Differential effects of various types of disturbances on the structure of nematode assemblages: an experimental approach , 1999 .

[94]  M. Austen,et al.  The interaction between physical disturbance and organic enrichment: An important element in structuring benthic communities , 2001 .

[95]  L. Poppe,et al.  Relationships Among Sea-Floor Structure and Benthic Communities in Long Island Sound at Regional and Benthoscape Scales , 2000 .

[96]  Guy R. Cochrane,et al.  Biological communities at vent sites along the subduction zone off Oregon , 1985 .

[97]  M. Huettel,et al.  Flow‐induced uptake of particulate matter in permeable sediments , 1996 .

[98]  R. Pentreath,et al.  Plutonium redistribution by biological activity in Irish Sea sediments , 1983, Nature.

[99]  K. Rothhaupt.  Plankton population dynamics: food web interactions and abiotic constraints , 2000 .

[100]  N. Takamura,et al.  Did chironomid emergence release Daphnia from fish predation and lead to a Daphnia-driven clear-water phase in Lake Towada, Japan? , 2004, Hydrobiologia.

[101]  Jessica Gurevitch,et al.  Meta-analysis in ecology , 2001 .

[102]  A. Bailey‐Watts,et al.  Vertical movements by planktonic cyanobacteria and the translocation of phosphorus: implications for lake restoration , 1999 .

[103]  J. Beukema,et al.  Zoobenthic biomass limited by phytoplankton abundance: evidence from parallel changes in two long-term data series in the Wadden Sea , 2002 .

[104]  P. Legendre.  Spatial Autocorrelation: Trouble or New Paradigm? , 1993 .

[105]  L. Botsford.  Physical influences on recruitment to California Current invertebrate populations on multiple scales , 2001 .

[106]  B. Frost.  Variability and possible adaptive significance of diel vertical migration in Calanus pacificus, a planktonic marine copepod , 1988 .

[107]  Siegfried Ehrich,et al.  Fishing effects in northeast Atlantic shelf seas: patterns in fishing effort, diversity and community structure. III. International trawling effort in the North Sea: an analysis of spatial and temporal trends , 1999 .

[108]  Markus Huettel,et al.  Advective particle transport into permeable sediments—evidence from experiments in an intertidal sandflat , 2000 .

[109]  B. Jørgensen,et al.  The benthic boundary layer : transport processes and biogeochemistry , 2001 .

[110]  C. Paull,et al.  Biological Communities at the Florida Escarpment Resemble Hydrothermal Vent Taxa , 1984, Science.

[111]  Peter J. Wright,et al.  An assessment of the acoustic survey technique, RoxAnn, as a means of mapping seabed habitat , 1997 .

[112]  Jonathan M. Chase,et al.  Spatial scale dictates the productivity–biodiversity relationship , 2002, Nature.

[113]  H. Roe.  The diel migrations and distributions within a Mesopelagic community in the North East Atlantic. 2. Vertical migrations and feeding of Mysids and decapod crustacea , 1984 .

[114]  S. Jennings,et al.  Trawling disturbance can modify benthic production processes , 2001 .