Differential Effect of BMP4 on NIH/3T3 and C2C12 Cells: Implications for Endochondral Bone Formation

After intramuscular implantation, BMP4‐expressing NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and BMP4‐expressing C2C12 myoblasts can promote ectopic cartilage and bone formation. Fibroblasts tend to undergo chondrogenesis, whereas myoblasts primarily undergo osteogenesis. These results suggest that endochondral bone formation may involve different cell types, a finding that could have major implications for the tissue engineering of bone and cartilage.

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