I n t h i s a rt i c le , w e p rop os e a nove l c onc e p t of a c ont i nu ou s -t i m e t i m e va ry i ng f i lt e r of c ons t a nt c om p one nt t h a t e x h i b i t s a ve ry s h ort re s p ons e i n t h e t i m e d om a i n w i t h ou t s i g ni f i c a nt d i s t ort i ons i n t h e f re q u e nc y d om a i n. S u c h a d e s i g ne d f i lt e r i s t h e n a p p li e d i n t h e s y s t e m c ont a i ni ng a na log m u lt i p le x e r, w h e re i t i s a b le t o re ve a l i t s a d va nt a g e ou s p rop e rt i e s . R e s u lt s ve ri f y i ng t h e e f f e c t i ve ne s s of t h e p rop os e d a p p roa c h a re p re s e nt e d a nd c om p a re d t o t h e t ra d i t i ona l f i lt e rs . K e y w o r d s : s i g na l p roc e s s i ng , d a t a a q u i s i t i on, a na log m u lt i p le x e r, t i m e va ry i ng s y s t e m s , f i lt e r of c ons t a nt c om p one nt . E f ekt y w na f i l t r acj a w s y s t emach mu l t i p l eks ow ani a s y g nał ó w S t r e s z c z e n i e Art y k u ł p rz e d s t a w i a now ą k onc e p c j ę f i lt ru s k ł a d ow e j s t a ł e j o z m i e nny c h p a ra m e t ra c h , k t ó ry c h a ra k t e ry z u j e s i ę b a rd z o k ró t k ą od p ow i e d z i ą w d z i e d z i ni e c z a s u , ni e w y k a z u j ą c p rz y t y m i s t ot ny c h z a b u rz e ń f i lt row a ny c h s y g na ł ó w w d z i e d z i ni e c z ę s t ot li w oś c i . Z a p roj e k t ow a ny f i lt r w y k orz y s t a no w p roc e s i e m u lt i p le k s ow a ni a s i lni e z a s z u m i ony c h s y g na ł ó w , c o p oz w oli ł o na z a p re z e nt ow a ni e z a le t z a p rop onow a ne g o u k ł a d u . W c e lu p rz e d s t a w i e ni a k orz y ś c i z w p row a d z e ni a d o s t ru k t u ry f i lt ru z m i e nny c h w c z a s i e p a ra m e t ró w p oró w na no j e g o w ł a ś c i w oś c i z k la s y c z ny m u k ł a d e m o s t a ł y c h w s p ó ł c z y nni k a c h . S ł o w a k l u c z o w e : p rz e t w a rz a ni e s y g na ł ó w , a k w i z y c j a d a ny c h , m u lt i p le k s e r a na log ow y , u k ł a d y o z m i e nny c h p a ra m e t ra c h , f i lt r s k ł a d ow e j s t a ł e j . 1 . Int r od u ct i on A l th o u g h i n cr e a s i n g l y m a n y f i l te r i n g a p p l i ca ti o n s a r e n o w h a n d l e d w i th d i g i ta l s i g n a l p r o ce s s i n g te ch n i q u e s a n d d i g i ta l f i l te r s , g e n e r a l l y th e r e r e m a i n s th e q u e s ti o n o f w h e th e r to ch o o s e a n a n a l o g o r a d i g i ta l f i l te r f o r a p a r ti cu l a r a p p l i ca ti o n . I n p r a cti ce , th e r e a r e a n u m b e r o f s i tu a ti o n s i n w h i ch a n a l o g co n ti n u o u s -ti m e f i l te r s a r e e i th e r a n e ce s s i ty o r p r o v i d e a m o r e e co n o m i ca l s o l u ti o n . T h e d e s i g n m e th o d s o f tr a d i ti o n a l co n ti n u o u s -ti m e f i l te r s a r e d e s cr i b e d i n d e ta i l i n th e r i ch l i te r a tu r e [ 1 -3 ] I n th i s a r ti cl e , th e a u th o r s w i l l a d d r e s s th e q u e s ti o n o f h o w to d e s i g n a co n ti n u o u s -ti m e f i l te r o f co n s ta n t co m p o n e n t th a t e x h i b i ts a v e r y s h o r t r e s p o n s e i n th e ti m e d o m a i n w i th o u t s i g n i f i ca n t d i s to r ti o n s i n th e f r e q u e n cy d o m a i n . S u ch a f i l te r w i l l b e a p p l i e d i n th e s y s te m co n ta i n i n g a n a l o g m u l ti p l e x e r . F o r ti m e -i n v a r i a n t f i l te r s th e r e a r e o n l y s m a l l p o s s i b i l i ti e s o f s h o r te n i n g th e tr a n s i e n t s ta te , s i n ce th e f i l te r p a r a m e te r s a r e ca l cu l a te d o n th e b a s i s o f th e a s s u m e d a p p r o x i m a ti o n m e th o d o f th e f r e q u e n cy ch a r a cte r i s ti cs . T h i s g u a r a n te e s th a t th e f r e q u e n cy r e q u i r e m e n ts a r e s a ti s f i e d w i th o u t ta k i n g i n to co n s i d e r a ti o n th e ch a r a cte r o f th e tr a n s i e n t s ta te . I f th e r e q u i r e m e n ts o n th e f r e q u e n cy ch a r a cte r i s ti cs a r e i m p o s e d , w e ca n s l i g h tl y i n f l u e n ce o n th e r e d u cti o n o f th e tr a n s i e n t s ta te o f th e n-th o r d e r f i l te r D.S c ., Ph.D. R o m a n K A S Z Y Ń S K I W a s b o r n i n U n i e j o w , P o l a n d , i n 1 9 5 0 . H e r e c e i v e d t h e M .S c . d e g r e e f r o m t h e S z c z e c i n U n i v e r s i t y o f T e c h n o l o g y , P o l a n d , i n 1 9 7 3 , a n d t h e P h .D . d e g r e e f r o m t h e s a m e u n i v e r s i t y i n 1 9 7 8 . H e r e c e i v e d t h e D .S c . d e g r e e f r o m S i l e s i a n T e c h n i c a l U n i v e r s i t y i n G l i w i c e i n 2 0 0 2 . S i n c e 1 9 7 3 h e h a s b e e n w i t h t h e I n s t i t u t e o f C o n t r o l E n g i n e e r i n g , S z c z e c i n U n i v e r s i t y o f T e c h n o l o g y . H i s r e s e a r c h a c t i v i t y f o c u s e s o n s i g n a l p r o c e s s i n g a n d m e a s u r e m e n t w i t h p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t i n a n a l y s i s a n d s y n t h e s i s o f s y s t e m s w i t h t i m e -v a r y i n g p a r a m e t e r s . e-m a i l : r o m a n . k a s z y n s k i @ p s . p l b y ch o o s i n g d i f f e r e n t m e th o d s o f th e a p p r o x i m a ti o n . T h e i n d e te r m i n a cy p r i n ci p l e s a y s th a t i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e to a ch i e v e a s h o r te r r i s e ti m e o f th e l o w -p a s s f i l te r o u tp u t s i g n a l w h e n th e f i l te r p a s s b a n d i s co n s ta n t. O n e ca n o b ta i n s i g n i f i ca n t ch a n g e s o f th e d u r a ti o n o f th e tr a n s i e n t s ta te b y th e v a r i a ti o n o f th e f i l te r p a s s b a n d [ 4 -6 ] . T h i s p r o ce d u r e i s co n n e cte d w i th th e ch a n g e o f th e v a l u e o f f i l te r co e f f i ci e n ts . T h e th e o r y o f l i n e a r ti m e -v a r y i n g co n ti n u o u s -ti m e s y s te m s i s w e l l e s ta b l i s h e d a n d w a s w i d e l y d e s cr i b e d [ 7 -1 0 ] . T i m e -v a r y i n g f i l te r i n g h a s b e e n a p p l i e d i n m a n y f i e l d s o f s i g n a l p r o ce s s i n g , b u t m a i n l y i n d i g i ta l s y s te m s w h e r e i t ca n b e m o r e e a s i l y i m p l e m e n te d . V e r y g o o d r e s u l ts w e r e a ch i e v e d e .g . i n s e i s m i c d a ta p r o ce s s i n g [ 1 1 , 1 2 ] a n d m e d i ca l m e a s u r e m e n ts [ 1 3 ] . T h i s p a p e r d e s cr i b e s a n o v e l th e o r e ti ca l a p p r o a ch to th e f i l te r s o f co n s ta n t co m p o n e n t b y u s i n g th e ti m e -v a r y i n g p a r a m e te r s te ch n i q u e . S u ch a d e s i g n e d f i l te r i s th e n a p p l i e d i n th e s i g n a l s m u l ti p l e x i n g s y s te m . T h e o u tl i n e o f th e p a p e r i s a s f o l l o w s . S e cti o n 2 d i s cu s s e s th e s ta ti o n a r i ty o f s o l u ti o n s o f ti m e -v a r y i n g s y s te m s . I n S e cti o n 3 , th e a n a l y s i s o f th e f i l te r o f co n s ta n t co m p o n e n t b o th i n th e ti m e d o m a i n a n d th e f r e q u e n cy d o m a i n i s p r e s e n te d . T h e co n ce p t a n d m a i n a s s u m p ti o n s o f th e ti m e -v a r y i n g f i l te r s o f co n s ta n t co m p o n e n t a r e d i s cu s s e d i n S e cti o n 4 . S e cti o n 5 th e n p r e s e n ts th e r e s u l ts o f s i m u l a ti o n s o f th e ti m e -v a r y i n g f i l te r i n g i n th e s i g n a l s m u l ti p l e x i n g s y s te m , ca r r i e d o u t w i th th e a i d o f M a tl a b -S i m u l i n k s o f tw a r e . T h e co n cl u s i o n s a r e p r e s e n te d i n S e cti o n 6 . 2 . St at i onar i t y of s ol u t i ons of p ar amet r i c s y s t ems f or t →∞ I n o r d e r to a n a l y z e s p e ctr a l p r o p e r ti e s o f f i l te r s w i th ti m e v a r y i n g p a r a m e te r s o n e ca n u s e m e th o d s a p p l i ca b l e to ti m e i n v a r i a n t s y s te m s u n d e r th e co n d i ti o n s th a t th e f i l te r p a r a m e te r s s ta b i l i z e (w i th α-a ccu r a cy ) a f te r p a s s i n g o f th e tr a n s i e n t s ta te . T o s h o w th i s th e th e o r e m o n s p e ctr a l d e n s i ty o f th e o u tp u t s i g n a l a f te r p a s s i n g o f th e tr a n s i e n t s ta te i n l i n e a r s y s te m s w a s u s e d . O n e p r o v e d th a t th i s r e s u l t h e l d a l s o f o r s y s te m s w i th ti m e -v a r y i n g p a r a m e te r s i f th e i r v a l u e s s ta b i l i z e w h e n t → ∞. I n th e r e l a ti o n (1 ) , (2 ) a n d (3 ) o n e i n tr o d u ce d th e s p e ctr a l tr a n s m i tta n ce K(jω ) o f a s y s te m w i th co n s ta n t p a r a m e te r s w h i ch co r r e s p o n d s to a s y s te m w i th ti m e -v a r y i n g p a r a m e te r s a t t → ∞ , d e n o ti n g i t b y d e n o ti n g i t b y ( ) ω j K t ∞ → var i f th e co n d i ti o n ( ) const lim = = ∞ → i i t a t a . T a k i n g i n to a cco u n t ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ +∞
[1]
Jacek Piskorowski.
Phase-Compensated Time-Varying Butterworth Filters
,
2006
.
[2]
T. Claasen,et al.
On stationary linear time-varying systems
,
1982
.
[4]
L. Zadeh,et al.
Frequency Analysis of Variable Networks
,
1950,
Proceedings of the IRE.
[5]
L. Zadeh,et al.
Time-Varying Networks, I
,
1961,
Proceedings of the IRE.
[6]
Roman Kaszynski,et al.
Using the parametric time-varying analog filter to average-evoked potential signals
,
2004,
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.
[7]
Wai-Kai Chen,et al.
The circuits and filters handbook
,
2009
.
[8]
Gary F. Margrave,et al.
Theory of nonstationary linear filtering in the Fourier domain with application to time‐variant filtering
,
1998
.
[9]
R. Kaszynski,et al.
Dynamic Compensation of Phase Distortion in Time-Varying Butterworth Filters
,
2006,
2006 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings.
[10]
Roman Kaszynski.
The parametric filter of signal constant component
,
2001,
ISCAS 2001. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.01CH37196).
[11]
Ross A. Black,et al.
Simple time‐variant, band‐pass filtering by operator scaling
,
1995
.