A pattern approach to the study of leader emergence

Abstract Past research on the emergence of leaders in groups has typically examined relationships between individual trait variables and emergence. The current study extends work of the past by developing a multi-variable pattern approach, along with the traditional examination of individual trait measures, in the domain of emergent leadership. The personality pattern examined in this study uses the variables dominance, intelligence and general self-efficacy. All three trait variables were significantly positively associated with leader emergence. Individuals high in all three traits (HHH) emerged significantly more frequently than all other individuals while those low in all three traits (LLL) emerged significantly less frequently than all other individuals. This study demonstrates that the pattern approach is useful in the study of emergent leadership. Implications for the future research in emergent leadership are discussed.

[1]  E. Hollander,et al.  Contemporary trends in the analysis of leadership processes. , 1969, Psychological bulletin.

[2]  Cognitive Social Learning Variables and the Characteristics of Leaders1 , 1986 .

[3]  David Magnusson,et al.  Individual development: A holistic, integrated model. , 1995 .

[4]  E. Worthington,et al.  The measurement of generalized self-efficacy: a study of construct validity. , 1984, Journal of personality assessment.

[5]  D. Tosi,et al.  Personality patterns of male felons in a correctional halfway house setting: an MMPI typological analysis. , 1993, Journal of clinical psychology.

[6]  J. Chertkoff,et al.  Effects of dominance and sex on leader selection in dyadic work groups. , 1986 .

[7]  R. W. Rogers,et al.  The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation , 1982 .

[8]  R. Kahn,et al.  The Social Psychology of Organizations , 1966 .

[9]  Roseanne J. Foti,et al.  Effects of leadership labels and prototypes on perceptions of political leaders. , 1982 .

[10]  Philip W. Wirtz,et al.  Implicit leadership theories: Content, structure, and generalizability , 1994 .

[11]  M. Heilman,et al.  Has anything changed? Current characterizations of men, women, and managers. , 1989 .

[12]  E I Megargee,et al.  Influence of sex roles on the manifestation of leadership. , 1969, The Journal of applied psychology.

[13]  R. S. Davidson,et al.  An examination of the relationship between personality patterns and symptom/mood patterns. , 1985, Journal of personality assessment.

[14]  Roseanne J. Foti,et al.  A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions , 1984 .

[15]  Suzanne H. Shelton.  Developing the Construct of General Self-Efficacy1 , 1990 .

[16]  C B Dodrill,et al.  Further studies of the Wonderlic Personnel Test as a brief measure of intelligence. , 1988, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[17]  C. Dodrill,et al.  Long-term reliability of the Wonderlic Personnel Test. , 1983 .

[18]  R. Mann.  A review of the relationships between personality and performance in small groups. , 1959 .

[19]  S. McKelvie.  The Wonderlic Personnel Test: Reliability and Validity in an Academic Setting , 1989 .

[20]  W. I. Griffith,et al.  Dominance, sex, and leader emergence , 1992 .

[21]  C. Gold,et al.  Dispositional and situational influences on dominance behavior in small groups. , 1983 .

[22]  A. Bandura.  Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. , 1982 .

[23]  R. Stogdill.  Personal factors associated with leadership; a survey of the literature. , 1948, The Journal of psychology.

[24]  Robert Hogan,et al.  The dark side of charisma. , 1990 .

[25]  Stephen J. Zaccaro,et al.  Self-monitoring and trait-based variance in leadership: An investigation of leader flexibility across multiple group situations. , 1991 .

[26]  William A. Owens,et al.  MODERATORS AND SUBGROUPS , 1978 .

[27]  R. Lord,et al.  A meta-analysis of the relation between personality traits and leadership perceptions: an application of validity generalization procedures , 1986 .

[28]  K. Waller,et al.  Health Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy Beliefs in a Healthy Elderly Sample , 1992, American journal of health promotion : AJHP.

[29]  L. Nyquist,et al.  Effects of dispositional dominance and sex role expectations on leadership behaviors. , 1986 .

[30]  Barbara K. Sholley,et al.  Leader, follower, and isolate personality patterns in Black and White emergent leadership groups. , 1980 .

[31]  M. Singer.  The Relationship Between Employee Sex, Length of Service and Leadership Aspirations: A Study from Valence, Self‐Efficacy and Attribution Perspectives , 1991 .

[32]  J. Carbonell.  Sex roles and leadership revisited. , 1984 .

[33]  J. T. Gibbs.  Personality patterns of delinquent females: ethnic and sociocultural variations. , 1982, Journal of clinical psychology.

[34]  Kenneth E. Clark,et al.  Measures of leadership , 1990 .

[35]  D. Jackson.  Personality research form manual , 1974 .

[36]  M. Singer.  Cognitive correlates of adolescents' aspirations to leadership: a developmental study. , 1990, Journal of adolescence.

[37]  M. Sherer,et al.  Construct Validation of the Self-Efficacy Scale , 1983 .

[38]  Bernard M. Bass,et al.  Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research , 1982 .

[39]  Sharon Tucker,et al.  The Leadership Factor , 1988 .

[40]  J. Holland.  Some Speculation about the Investigation of Person-Environment Transactions. , 1987 .

[41]  D. Mcclelland,et al.  Leadership motive pattern and long-term success in management. , 1982 .

[42]  S. Gustafson.  Female Underachievement and Overachievement: Parental Contributions and Long-term Consequences , 1994 .

[43]  J. G. Hunt,et al.  Leadership, beyond establishment views , 1982 .

[44]  D. J. Schneider,et al.  Implicit personality theory: A review. , 1973 .

[45]  Edwin P. Hollander,et al.  The Essential Interdependence of Leadership and Followership , 1992 .

[46]  Stephen J. Zaccaro,et al.  An estimate of variance due to traits in leadership. , 1983 .

[47]  A. Bandura.  Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. , 1977, Psychological review.

[48]  C. Dodrill.  An economical method for the evaluation of general intelligence in adults. , 1981, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.