Surface sediments pollution due to shipwreck s/s “Stuttgart”: a multidisciplinary approach

Shipwrecks may pose a serious source of pollution for marine ecosystems. For this reason, it is of great importance to perform a marine ecosystem risk assessment due to plausible wreck presence. One of elements of such an assessment is determining the state of the environment in the vicinity of the wreck. In the work presented, the results of studies on surface sediments samples collected around the s/s Stuttgart ship sunk during WW2 in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic) are given. 23 samples of sediments were collected and subsequently 12 metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn), 16 PAHs and 7 PCBs were determined. Metals were measured with ICP-MS and AAS while organics with GC–MS. The chemometric evaluation was performed in order to determine possible similarity patterns between the chemicals measured. Clear dependence between PAHs and PCBs was stated as well as spatial similarities between the content of the chemicals determined.

[1]  H. Vallius Heavy metal distribution in the modern soft surface sediments off the Finnish coast of the Gulf of Finland , 2009 .

[2]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Toxicity assessment of sediments associated with the wreck of s/s Stuttgart in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland). , 2012, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[3]  L. Osuji,et al.  Trace Heavy Metals Associated with Crude Oil: A Case Study of Ebocha‐8 Oil‐Spill‐Polluted Site in Niger Delta, Nigeria , 2004, Chemistry & biodiversity.

[4]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Atmospheric and Surface Water Pollution Interpretation in the Gdansk Beltway Impact Range by the Use of Multivariate Analysis , 2010 .

[5]  P. Szefer,et al.  Heavy metals in Macoma balthica and extractable metals in sediments from the southern Baltic Sea. , 2010, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[6]  Taufik Abrão,et al.  Monte Carlo method applied to modeling copper transport in river sediments , 2012, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

[7]  J. Pempkowiak,et al.  Mercury transformations in marine coastal sediments as derived from mercury concentration and speciation changes along source/sink transport pathway (Southern Baltic) , 2007 .

[8]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Environmental Fate of Traffic-Derived Platinum Group Metals , 2009 .

[9]  K. Pazdro Persistent organic pollutants in sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk , 2004 .

[10]  R. Renner,et al.  Heavy-metal pollution of sediments from the Polish exclusive economic zone, southern Baltic Sea , 2009 .

[11]  R. Renner,et al.  Endmember analysis of heavy-metal pollution in surficial sediments from the Gulf of Gdansk and the southern Baltic Sea off Poland , 1998 .

[12]  Anna-Liisa Pikkarainen Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in Baltic Sea sediments and bivalves. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[13]  F. Khan,et al.  Developing a novel methodology for ecological risk assessment of thiosalts , 2014, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

[14]  Baltic Sea,et al.  Distribution of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the southern , 1997 .

[15]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Impacts of pollution derived from ship wrecks on the marine environment on the basis of s/s "Stuttgart" (Polish coast, Europe). , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[16]  J. Bacon,et al.  Chemical Forms and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Core Sediments from the Gdańsk Basin, Baltic Sea , 2007 .

[17]  Mark E. Everett,et al.  Unexploded ordnance discrimination using time-domain electromagnetic induction and self-organizing maps , 2009 .

[18]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Evolution of models for sorption of PAHs and PCBs on geosorbents , 2009 .

[19]  R. Prego,et al.  Zinc concentrations in the water column influenced by the oil spill in the vicinity of the Prestige shipwreck , 2003 .

[20]  R. Kaliszan,et al.  Extraction studies of heavy-metal pollutants in surficial sediments from the southern Baltic Sea off Poland , 1995 .

[21]  G. Chen,et al.  Molybdenum pollution and speciation in Nver River sediments impacted with Mo mining activities in western Liaoning, northeast China , 2011 .

[22]  Huayong Zhang,et al.  Assessment of the distribution and risks of organochlorine pesticides in core sediments from areas of different human activity on Lake Baiyangdian, China , 2014, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

[23]  C. Samara,et al.  Scale-dependent correlations between soil heavy metals and As around four coal-fired power plants of northern Greece , 2015, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

[24]  S. Sharma,et al.  Wastewater Reuse and Management , 2013 .

[25]  Gunnar Lischeid,et al.  Non-linear visualization and analysis of large water quality data sets: a model-free basis for efficient monitoring and risk assessment , 2009 .

[26]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Environmental Risk Assessment of WWII Shipwreck Pollution , 2013 .

[27]  Sefanaia Nawadra,et al.  Sunken WWII shipwrecks of the Pacific and East Asia: The need for regional collaboration to address the potential marine pollution threat , 2006 .

[28]  G. Seckin,et al.  Heavy metal content and distribution in surface sediments of the Seyhan River, Turkey. , 2011, Journal of environmental management.

[29]  Junhong Bai,et al.  Levels, sources and risk assessment of trace elements in wetland soils of a typical shallow freshwater lake, China , 2012, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

[30]  Eric D. Larson,et al.  A comparison of direct and indirect liquefaction technologies for making fluid fuels from coal , 2003 .