Influence of a municipal solid waste incinerator on ambient air and soil PCDD/Fs levels.

To examine the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) on the environment, we measured the levels of PCDD/Fs in ambient air and soil samples collected near a MSWI in Bucheon, Korea. The PCDD/Fs concentrations in the ambient air samples ranged from 0.22 to 1.16 pg I-TEQm(-3) (13.39-75.16 pg m(-3)), with an average of 0.66 pg I-TEQ m(-3) (35.62 pg m(-3)). The soil samples contained between 1.25 and 74.98 pg I-TEQ g(-1) (38.15-3,303.33 pg g(-1)), with an average of 19.06 pg I-TEQ g(-1) (1,077.11 pg g(-1)). These levels were higher than those previously reported by other investigators in a number of surveys. The furan homologues predominated in the air samples and some soil samples, and the soil PCDD/Fs levels decreased with increasing distance from the MSWI. Comparison of the homologue patterns and a multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI directly affected the pattern of PCDD/Fs in air, while the PCDD/Fs patterns in soil differed according to the location relative to the MSWI, roads, and construction sites. These results collectively indicate that the MSWI was the major PCDD/Fs emission source in this area, but that unidentified combustion sources and vehicles might influence the environment to some extent.

[1]  M. Schuhmacher,et al.  Assessment of baseline levels of PCDD/F in soils in the neighbourhood of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia, Spain. , 1997, Chemosphere.

[2]  J. Giesy,et al.  Concentrations and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soils from Korea. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[3]  Mario Grosso,et al.  Air and soil dioxin levels at three sites in Italy in proximity to MSW incineration plants. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[4]  Yoon-Seok Chang,et al.  Effects of forest fire on the level and distribution of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in soil. , 2003, The Science of the total environment.

[5]  Ronald A. Hites,et al.  Global Mass Balance for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans , 1996 .

[6]  Frank Wania,et al.  Peer reviewed: tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. , 1996, Environmental science & technology.

[7]  PCDD/F in ambient air and deposition in Baden-Württemberg, Germany , 1997 .

[8]  B. Gullett,et al.  On-Road Sampling of Diesel Engine Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran , 1997 .

[9]  Y. Ling,et al.  Levels of PCDD/FS in ambient air and soil in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator in Hsinchu. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[10]  M. Schuhmacher,et al.  Atmospheric deposition of PCDD/Fs near an old municipal solid waste incinerator: levels in soil and vegetation. , 2000, Chemosphere.

[11]  C Rappe,et al.  Influence of Postcombustion Temperature Profiles on the Formation of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBzs, and PCBs in a Pilot Incinerator. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  D Mackay,et al.  TRAKING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS , 1996 .

[13]  Yoon-Seok Chang,et al.  Evaluation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emission in municipal solid waste incinerators , 1999 .

[14]  M. Schuhmacher,et al.  Soil monitoring in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator: Temporal variation of PCDD/Fs , 1999 .

[15]  M. Schuhmacher,et al.  Evaluating the environmental impact of an old municipal waste incinerator: PCDD/F levels in soil and vegetation samples. , 2000, Journal of hazardous materials.

[16]  M. Schuhmacher,et al.  PCDD/F concentrations in soil and vegetation in the vicinity of a municipal waste incinerator after a pronounced decrease in the emissions of PCDD/Fs from the facility. , 2001, Chemosphere.

[17]  M. Schuhmacher,et al.  Environmental impact of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia, Spain: PCDD/PCDF levels in herbage samples. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[18]  K. Jones,et al.  Dioxins and furans in air and deposition: a review of levels, behaviour and processes. , 1998, The Science of the total environment.

[19]  Yoon-Seok Chang,et al.  A case study of dioxin monitoring in and around an industrial waste incinerator in Korea. , 2005, Chemosphere.

[20]  Jin-Soo Park,et al.  Regional measurements of PCDD/PCDF concentrations in Korean atmosphere and comparison with gas-particle partitioning models. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[21]  R. Tatsukawa,et al.  PCDDs in the sediments accumulated about 8120 years ago from Japanese coastal areas , 1990 .

[22]  A. A. Mamontov,et al.  Tracing the Sources of PCDD/Fs and PCBs to Lake Baikal , 2000 .

[23]  Yoon-Seok Chang,et al.  The evaluation of PCDD/Fs from various Korean incinerators , 1999 .

[24]  H. Fiedler,et al.  Patterns and sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans found in soil and sediment samples in Southern Mississippi , 1996 .

[25]  G. Gribble.  The natural production of chlorinated compounds. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[26]  R. Boos,et al.  Determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in soil samples from Salzburg, Austria , 1992 .

[27]  Yoon-Seok Chang,et al.  Gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in atmosphere; evaluation of predicting models , 2001 .

[28]  Yoon-Seok Chang,et al.  Levels and Characteristic Homologue Patterns of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Various Incinerator Emissions and in Air Collected Near an Incinerator , 2002, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[29]  D. S. Lee,et al.  Influence of an industrial waste incinerator as assessed by the levels and congener patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[30]  B. Jiménez,et al.  Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soils near a clinical waste incinerator in Madrid, Spain. Chemometric comparison with other pollution sources and soils , 1996 .