Zinc-air battery: understanding the structure and morphology changes of graphene-supported CoMn(2)O(4) bifunctional catalysts under practical rechargeable conditions.

Nitrogen-doped/undoped thermally reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) decorated with CoMn2O4 (CMO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The activity and stability of this hybrid catalyst were evaluated by preparing air electrodes with both primary and rechargeable zinc-air batteries that consume ambient air. Further, we investigated the relationship between the physical properties and the electrochemical results for hybrid electrodes at various cycles using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, galvanodynamic charge-discharging and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The structural, morphological and electrocatalytic performances confirm that CMO/N-rGO is a promising material for safe, reliable, and long-lasting air cathodes for both primary and rechargeable zinc-air batteries that consume air under ambient condition.

[1]  M. Prabu,et al.  CoMn2O4 nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air battery , 2014 .

[2]  John B. Goodenough,et al.  CoMn2O4 Spinel Nanoparticles Grown on Graphene as Bifunctional Catalyst for Lithium-Air Batteries , 2011 .

[3]  Guangyuan Zheng,et al.  Rechargeable Li–O2 batteries with a covalently coupled MnCo2O4–graphene hybrid as an oxygen cathode catalyst , 2012 .

[4]  W. S. Hummers,et al.  Preparation of Graphitic Oxide , 1958 .

[5]  Hongjie Dai,et al.  Recent advances in zinc-air batteries. , 2014, Chemical Society reviews.

[6]  F. Huang.  CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS BIOMASS , 2014 .

[7]  Tom Regier,et al.  Co₃O₄ nanocrystals on graphene as a synergistic catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. , 2011, Nature materials.

[8]  Xin-bo Zhang,et al.  Oxygen Electrocatalysts in Metal—Air Batteries: From Aqueous to Nonaqueous Electrolytes , 2015 .

[9]  Joseph F. Parker,et al.  Wiring zinc in three dimensions re-writes battery performance—dendrite-free cycling , 2014 .

[10]  Sung Ho Song,et al.  Bifunctional composite catalysts using Co3O4 nanofibers immobilized on nonoxidized graphene nanoflakes for high-capacity and long-cycle Li-O2 batteries. , 2013, Nano letters.

[11]  Forrest S. Gittleson,et al.  Catalyst and electrolyte synergy in Li-O2 batteries. , 2014, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[12]  Hui Li,et al.  Highly durable and active non-precious air cathode catalyst for zinc air battery , 2011 .

[13]  Zhongai Hu,et al.  Design and synthesis of NiCo2O4–reduced graphene oxide composites for high performance supercapacitors , 2011 .

[14]  Zhongwei Chen,et al.  Manganese dioxide nanotube and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube based composite bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable zinc-air battery , 2012 .

[15]  Hui Li,et al.  Highly active and durable core-corona structured bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable metal-air battery application. , 2011, Nano letters.

[16]  Baohua Li,et al.  A novel air electrode design: A key to high rate capability and long life span , 2014 .

[17]  M. Prabu,et al.  Hierarchical nanostructured NiCo2O4 as an efficient bifunctional non-precious metal catalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[18]  Jia Li,et al.  A high-performance electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction based on reduced graphene oxide modified with oxide nanoparticles, nitrogen dopants, and possible metal-N-C sites , 2014 .

[19]  Wei Qu,et al.  Morphology Control of Electrodeposited Zinc from Alkaline Zincate Solutions for Rechargeable Zinc Air Batteries , 2010, ECS Transactions.

[20]  Guojun Du,et al.  Co3O4 nanoparticle-modified MnO2 nanotube bifunctional oxygen cathode catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[21]  Jong-Won Lee,et al.  Doped lanthanum nickelates with a layered perovskite structure as bifunctional cathode catalysts for rechargeable metal-air batteries. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[22]  Tom Regier,et al.  Covalent hybrid of spinel manganese-cobalt oxide and graphene as advanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[23]  Ruizhi Yang,et al.  A CoFe2O4/graphene nanohybrid as an efficient bi-functional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution , 2014 .

[24]  Dan Sun,et al.  A high-capacity lithium–air battery with Pd modified carbon nanotube sponge cathode working in regular air , 2013 .

[25]  K. Friedrich,et al.  Screening and further investigations on promising bi-functional catalysts for metal–air batteries with an aqueous alkaline electrolyte , 2013, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry.

[26]  Xiaodong Wu,et al.  Graphene oxide--MnO2 nanocomposites for supercapacitors. , 2010, ACS nano.

[27]  Sun Tai Kim,et al.  Metal-free Ketjenblack incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon sheets derived from gelatin as oxygen reduction catalysts. , 2014, Nano letters.

[28]  Dan Xu,et al.  Oxygen electrocatalysts in metal-air batteries: from aqueous to nonaqueous electrolytes. , 2014, Chemical Society reviews.

[29]  K. Tadanaga,et al.  Multifunctional inorganic electrode materials for high-performance rechargeable metal–air batteries , 2013 .

[30]  Philippe Stevens,et al.  Development of a Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery , 2010 .

[31]  B. McCloskey,et al.  Lithium−Air Battery: Promise and Challenges , 2010 .

[32]  Hui Li,et al.  Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as air cathode catalysts in zinc-air battery , 2011 .

[33]  M. Jaroniec,et al.  Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction. , 2013, Chemical communications.

[34]  Jun Chen,et al.  Porous perovskite CaMnO3 as an electrocatalyst for rechargeable Li-O2 batteries. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[35]  Cuie Wen,et al.  High Energy Density Metal-Air Batteries: A Review , 2013 .

[36]  Stefano Passerini,et al.  ZnFe2O4-C/LiFePO4-CNT: A Novel High-Power Lithium-Ion Battery with Excellent Cycling Performance , 2014, Advanced energy materials.

[37]  A. Hollenkamp,et al.  Towards Li-Air and Li-S Batteries: Understanding the Morphological Changes of Lithium Surfaces during Cycling at a Range of Current Densities in an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte , 2013 .

[38]  Byeong-Su Kim,et al.  Ionic liquid modified graphene nanosheets anchoring manganese oxide nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries , 2011 .

[39]  Meilin Liu,et al.  Recent Progress in Non‐Precious Catalysts for Metal‐Air Batteries , 2012 .

[40]  Guosong Hong,et al.  Advanced zinc-air batteries based on high-performance hybrid electrocatalysts , 2013, Nature Communications.

[41]  M. Grätzel,et al.  A quasi core–shell nitrogen-doped graphene/cobalt sulfide conductive catalyst for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells , 2014 .

[42]  C. Sow,et al.  Zn2SnO4 nanowires versus nanoplates: electrochemical performance and morphological evolution during Li-cycling. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[43]  Qiao Liu,et al.  NiCo2S4@graphene as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[44]  Haoshen Zhou,et al.  A reversible long-life lithium–air battery in ambient air , 2013, Nature Communications.

[45]  Meilin Liu,et al.  Ketjenblack carbon supported amorphous manganese oxides nanowires as highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions. , 2011, Nano letters.

[46]  Ja-Yeon Choi,et al.  Advanced Extremely Durable 3D Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries , 2014 .