Passivity-Based Analysis of Sampled and Quantized Control Implementations

Abstract This paper studies the performance of a continuous controller when implemented on digital devices via sampling and quantization, by leveraging passivity analysis. Degradation of passivity indices from a continuous-time control system to its sampled, input and output quantized model is studied using a notion of quasi-passivity. Based on that, the passivity property of a feedback-connected system where the continuous controller is replaced by its sampled and quantized model is studied, and conditions that ensure the state boundedness of the interconnected system are provided. Additionally, the approximate bisimulation-based control implementation where the controller is replaced by its approximate bisimilar symbolic model whose states are also quantized is analyzed. Several examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

[1]  Arjan van der Schaft,et al.  Sampled data systems passivity and discrete port-Hamiltonian systems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[2]  P. Olver Nonlinear Systems , 2013 .

[3]  M. Sen Preserving positive realness through discretization , 2000 .

[4]  Kevin M. Passino,et al.  Stable social foraging swarms in a noisy environment , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[5]  Panos J. Antsaklis,et al.  On relationships among passivity, positive realness, and dissipativity in linear systems , 2014, Autom..

[6]  Antoine Girard,et al.  Low-Complexity Quantized Switching Controllers using Approximate Bisimulation , 2012, ArXiv.

[7]  Maria Domenica Di Benedetto,et al.  Approximate equivalence and synchronization of metric transition systems , 2009, Syst. Control. Lett..

[8]  Yue Wang,et al.  Control of cyberphysical systems using passivity and dissipativity based methods , 2013, Eur. J. Control.

[9]  Antoine Girard,et al.  Approximation Metrics for Discrete and Continuous Systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[10]  Paulo Tabuada,et al.  Approximately bisimilar symbolic models for nonlinear control systems , 2007, Autom..

[11]  Xiangru Xu,et al.  Bounds of passivity indices via feedforward/feedback passivation , 2017, 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[12]  Peter M. Dower,et al.  A variational inequality for measurement feedback almost-dissipative control , 2003, Syst. Control. Lett..

[13]  Radha Poovendran,et al.  A Passivity Framework for Modeling and Mitigating Wormhole Attacks on Networked Control Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[14]  Daniel Liberzon,et al.  Output-input stability and minimum-phase nonlinear systems , 2002, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[15]  John T. Wen,et al.  A unifying passivity framework for network flow control , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[16]  P. Albertos On the Sampled-Data Control of Nonlinear Systems , 2006 .

[17]  Majid Zamani,et al.  Compositional Abstraction for Networks of Control Systems: A Dissipativity Approach , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems.

[18]  W. P. M. H. Heemels,et al.  On input-to-state stability of min-max nonlinear model predictive control , 2008, Syst. Control. Lett..

[19]  Sandra Hirche,et al.  Human-Oriented Control for Haptic Teleoperation , 2012, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[20]  Zhong-Ping Jiang,et al.  Input-to-state stability for discrete-time nonlinear systems , 1999 .

[21]  P. Moylan,et al.  The stability of nonlinear dissipative systems , 1976 .

[22]  Dragan Nesic,et al.  Explicit Computation of the Sampling Period in Emulation of Controllers for Nonlinear Sampled-Data Systems , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[23]  Paulo Tabuada,et al.  Verification and Control of Hybrid Systems - A Symbolic Approach , 2009 .

[24]  Panos J. Antsaklis,et al.  Experimentally Determining Passivity Indices: Theory and Simulation , 2013 .

[25]  David Angeli,et al.  A Lyapunov approach to incremental stability properties , 2002, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[26]  Dragan Nesic,et al.  Sampled-data control of nonlinear systems: An overview of recent results , 2001 .

[27]  Frank Allgöwer,et al.  Some Ideas on Sampling Strategies for Data-Driven Inference of Passivity Properties for MIMO Systems , 2018, 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC).

[28]  Bruce A. Francis,et al.  Optimal Sampled-Data Control Systems , 1996, Communications and Control Engineering Series.

[29]  Paulo Tabuada,et al.  On compositional symbolic controller synthesis inspired by small-gain theorems , 2015, 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[30]  Mrdjan J. Jankovic,et al.  Constructive Nonlinear Control , 2011 .

[31]  Jürgen Adamy,et al.  Asymptotic stabilization of nonlinear systems using passivity indices , 2016, 2016 American Control Conference (ACC).

[32]  Majid Zamani,et al.  Compositional construction of approximate abstractions , 2015, HSCC.

[33]  David J. Hill,et al.  Stability results for nonlinear feedback systems , 1977, Autom..

[34]  Nicola Elia,et al.  Stabilization of linear systems with limited information , 2001, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[35]  Rupak Majumdar,et al.  Compositional Abstraction-Based Controller Synthesis for Continuous-Time Systems , 2016 .

[36]  Yasuaki Oishi Passivity degradation under the discretization with the zero-order hold and the ideal sampler , 2010, 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[37]  Feng Zhu,et al.  Passivity analysis and passivation of feedback systems using passivity indices , 2014, 2014 American Control Conference.

[38]  Panos J. Antsaklis,et al.  On Passivity of Networked Nonlinear Systems with Packet Drops , 2012 .

[39]  Daniel Liberzon,et al.  Quantized feedback stabilization of linear systems , 2000, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[40]  Hassan K. Khalil,et al.  Nonlinear Systems Third Edition , 2008 .

[41]  Eduardo Sontag Smooth stabilization implies coprime factorization , 1989, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[42]  Feng Zhu,et al.  Passivity and stability of switched systems under quantization , 2012, HSCC '12.

[43]  Lihua Xie,et al.  The sector bound approach to quantized feedback control , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[44]  Bernhard Maschke,et al.  Dissipative Systems Analysis and Control , 2000 .

[45]  Zhong-Ping Jiang,et al.  A Lyapunov formulation of the nonlinear small-gain theorem for interconnected ISS systems , 1996, Autom..

[46]  Olaf Stursberg,et al.  A relaxed lyapunov condition for input-to-state stability of discrete-time nonlinear systems , 2016, 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[47]  Feng Zhu,et al.  Passivity and Dissipativity Analysis of a System and Its Approximation , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[48]  Ilia G. Polushin,et al.  Boundedness properties of nonlinear quasi-dissipative systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[49]  Huijun Gao,et al.  Passivity and Passification for Networked Control Systems , 2007, SIAM J. Control. Optim..

[50]  Dragan Nesic,et al.  Open- and Closed-Loop Dissipation Inequalities Under Sampling and Controller Emulation , 2002, Eur. J. Control.

[51]  Blake Hannaford,et al.  Stable teleoperation with time-domain passivity control , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation.

[52]  Feng Zhu,et al.  On Passivity Analysis and Passivation of Event-Triggered Feedback Systems Using Passivity Indices , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[53]  Vijay Gupta,et al.  Passivity degradation in discrete control implementations: An approximate bisimulation approach , 2015, 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).