A Novel Approach To Colour Constancy

By approaching colour constancy as a problem of predicting colour appearance, we derive the colour constancy equation, which we use to enumerate those properties of illuminant and surface reflectance required for colour constancy. We then use a physical realisability constraint on surface reflectances to construct the set of illuminants under which the image observed can have arisen. Two distinct algorithms arise from employing this constraint in conjunction with the colour constancy equation: the first corresponds to normalisation according to a coefficient rule, the second is considerably more complex, and allows a large number of parameters in the illuminant to be recovered. The simpler algorithm has been tested extensively on images of real Mondriaan’s, taken under different coloured lights and displays good constancy. The results also indicate that good constancy requires that receptoral gain be controlled.

[1]  W. Boothby.  An introduction to differentiable manifolds and Riemannian geometry , 1975 .

[2]  E H Land,et al.  COLOR VISION AND THE NATURAL IMAGE PART II. , 1959, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  Deane B. Judd.  Appraisal of Land's work on two-primary color projections. , 1960 .

[4]  Nikolaus Nyberg.  Zum Aufbau des Farbenkörpers im Raume aller Lichtempfindungen , 1929 .

[5]  D H Brainard,et al.  Analysis of the retinex theory of color vision. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[6]  R. Gershon.  The use of color in computational vision , 1987 .

[7]  Brian A. Wandell,et al.  The Synthesis and Analysis of Color Images , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[8]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Boundary conditions for lightness computation in Mondrian World , 1985, Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process..

[9]  S. McKee,et al.  Quantitative studies in retinex theory a comparison between theoretical predictions and observer responses to the “color mondrian” experiments , 1976, Vision Research.

[10]  E. Land.  The retinex theory of color vision. , 1977, Scientific American.

[11]  M. H. Brill,et al.  Necessary and sufficient conditions for Von Kries chromatic adaptation to give color constancy , 1982, Journal of mathematical biology.

[12]  L. Maloney.  Evaluation of linear models of surface spectral reflectance with small numbers of parameters. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[13]  John K. Tsotsos,et al.  Ambient illumination and the determination of material changes. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[14]  M D'Zmura,et al.  Mechanisms of color constancy. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[15]  H. Flock,et al.  Illumination: Inferred or observed? , 1984, Perception & psychophysics.

[16]  R. Shapley.  The importance of contrast for the activity of single neurons, the vep and perception , 1986, Vision Research.

[17]  L. Maloney,et al.  Color constancy: a method for recovering surface spectral reflectance. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[18]  H C Lee,et al.  Method for computing the scene-illuminant chromaticity from specular highlights. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[19]  E. Land.  Recent advances in retinex theory , 1986, Vision Research.

[20]  Jan J. Koenderink,et al.  Color atlas theory , 1987 .

[21]  G. Buchsbaum.  A spatial processor model for object colour perception , 1980 .

[22]  W. Stiles,et al.  High-level trichromatic color matching and the pigment-bleaching hypothesis , 1980, Vision Research.

[23]  E. Land,et al.  Lightness and retinex theory. , 1971, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[24]  E H Land,et al.  Recent advances in retinex theory and some implications for cortical computations: color vision and the natural image. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[25]  R. Shapley,et al.  Brightness induction by local contrast and the spatial dependence of assimilation , 1988, Vision Research.

[26]  Berthold K. P. Horn,et al.  Determining lightness from an image , 1974, Comput. Graph. Image Process..

[27]  L. Arend,et al.  Simultaneous color constancy. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[28]  R A Young,et al.  Color vision and the Retinex theory. , 1987, Science.