CWV-Net: A Deep Neural Network for Atmospheric Column Water Vapor Retrieval From Hyperspectral VNIR Data

Estimation of the total column water vapor (CWV) content of the atmosphere plays an important role in the atmospheric compensation (AC) of remotely sensed hyperspectral images collected in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectral range. Most of the proposed CWV retrieval methods provide accurate estimates as long as other significant atmospheric parameters are known. Those parameters are not generally available and must in turn be estimated. In this article, a new approach based on deep learning is proposed that allows the estimation of CWV without the knowledge of the atmospheric visibility, the solar zenith angle, and the atmospheric point spread function (PSF). The proposed approach includes a training strategy based on synthetic data that are generated according to an accurate radiative-transfer model, and by exploiting reflectance spectral libraries and the MODTRAN radiative-transfer code. Experiments on simulated data are carried out to analyze the performance of the proposed deep neural network with reference to both aerial and satellite applications. Furthermore, an example of the results provided by the network in a real application is shown. For this purpose, the network is applied to data acquired by an airborne hyperspectral sensor operating in the VNIR spectral range.