Current Controlled PWM for Multilevel Voltage-Source Inverters with Variable and Constant Switching Frequency Regulation Techniques: A Review

Due to advancements in power electronics and inverter topologies, the current controlled multilevel voltage-source pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter is usually preferred for accurate control, quick response and high dynamic performance. A multilevel topology approach is found to be best suited for overcoming many problems arising from the use of high power converters. This paper presents a comprehensive review and comparative study of several current control (CC) techniques for multilevel inverters with a special emphasis on various approaches of the hysteresis current controller. Since the hysteresis CC technique poses a problem of variable switching frequency, a ramp-comparator controller and a predictive controller to attain constant switching frequency are described along with its quantitative comparison. Furthermore, various methods have been reviewed to achieve hysteresis current control PWM with constant switching frequency operation. This paper complies various guidelines to choose a particular method suitable for application at a given power level, switching frequency and dynamic response.

[1]  Robert D. Lorenz,et al.  Dynamic analysis and experimental evaluation of delta modulators for field-oriented AC machine current regulators , 1990 .

[2]  Poh Chiang Loh,et al.  A time-based double band hysteresis current regulation strategy for single-phase multilevel inverters , 2002 .

[3]  Jorge Pontt,et al.  Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[4]  Esam M.A. Hussein,et al.  Applications and design , 2004 .

[5]  Ahmed Abu-Siada,et al.  Improving dynamic performance of wind energy conversion systems using fuzzy-based hysteresis current-controlled superconducting magnetic energy storage , 2012 .

[6]  Donald W. Novotny,et al.  Current Control of VSI-PWM Inverters , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[7]  Bimal K. Bose,et al.  An Adaptive Hysteresis-Band Current Control Technique of a Voltage-Fed Pwm Inverter for Machine Drive System , 1988, Proceedings.14 Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society.

[8]  Robert D. Lorenz,et al.  Performance of Feedforward Current Regulators for Field-Oriented Induction Machine Controllers , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[9]  Joachim Holtz,et al.  Fast current trajectory tracking control based on synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[10]  Bhim Singh,et al.  Neural-Network-Based Integrated Electronic Load Controller for Isolated Asynchronous Generators in Small Hydro Generation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  A. F. Wick,et al.  Design and Experimental Results of a Brushless AC Servo Drive , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[12]  Marian P. Kazmierkowski,et al.  Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: a survey , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[13]  F. Harashima,et al.  Application of neutral networks to power converter control , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[14]  Gerard Ledwich,et al.  A Hysteresis Current Control for Single-Phase Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters: PLD Implementation , 2002 .

[15]  Zhang Yun,et al.  A new approach in state feedback controller design of LTI systems with input time delay , 2012, 2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC).

[16]  Joachim Holtz.  Pulsewidth modulation-a survey , 1992, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[17]  K. Sivakumar,et al.  Online Computation of Hysteresis Boundary for Constant Switching Frequency Current-Error Space-Vector-Based Hysteresis Controller for VSI-Fed IM Drives , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[18]  Zhanfeng Song,et al.  Predictive Current Control of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Converters With Constant Switching Frequency for Wind Energy Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[19]  P. Ziogas.  The Delta Modulation Technique in Static PWM Inverters , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[20]  Donald Grahame Holmes,et al.  A simple, novel method for variable-hysteresis-band current control of a three phase inverter with constant switching frequency , 1993, Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting.

[21]  E. Gaio,et al.  Improved current control technique for VSI PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency and extended voltage range , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[22]  D. Divan,et al.  Discrete pulse modulation strategies for high-frequency inverter systems , 1989, 20th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[23]  W. Sulkowski,et al.  A novel vector control scheme for transistor PWM inverter-fed induction motor drive , 1991 .

[24]  F. Hardan,et al.  Vector controlled VSI-fed AC drive using a predictive space vector current regulation scheme , 1994, Proceedings of IECON'94 - 20th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[25]  Paolo Tenti,et al.  A novel hysteresis control method for current-controlled voltage-source PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency , 1990 .

[26]  Werner Leonhard,et al.  Control of Electrical Drives , 1990 .

[27]  Anup Kumar Panda,et al.  Types-1 and -2 fuzzy logic controllers-based shunt active filter I d -I q control strategy with different fuzzy membership functions for power quality improvement using RTDS hardware , 2013 .

[28]  Jiaqiang Yang,et al.  Fast-Transient Repetitive Control Strategy for a Three-phase LCL Filter-based Shunt Active Power Filter , 2014 .

[29]  Jeffrey H. Lang,et al.  Inverter nonlinearities and discrete-time vector current control , 1994 .

[30]  Seung-Ki Sul,et al.  Electric Propulsion Naval Ships with Energy Storage Modules through AFE Converters , 2014 .

[31]  Hossin Hosseinian,et al.  Power Electronics , 2020, 2020 27th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and System (MIXDES).

[32]  M. A. Dzieniakowski,et al.  Fuzzy logic controller with state recognition for three phase PWM-VSI , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[33]  Poh Chiang Loh,et al.  A novel hysteresis current controller for multilevel single phase voltage source inverters , 2001, 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37230).

[34]  Osman Kukrer,et al.  Discrete-time current control of voltage-fed three-phase PWM inverters , 1996 .

[35]  M. Azizur Rahman,et al.  Performance Analysis of Delta Modulated PWM Inverters , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[36]  Min Ho Park,et al.  Design of an optimal discrete current regulator , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[37]  P. Feller.  SPEED CONTROL OF AN AC MOTOR BY STATE VARIABLES FEEDBACK WITH DECOUPLING , 1984 .

[38]  M. Marchesoni.  High performance current control techniques for applications to multilevel high power voltage source inverters , 1989 .

[39]  M. M. Silva,et al.  A new current mode control process and applications , 1989 .

[40]  K. Gopakumar,et al.  A Space-Vector-Based Hysteresis Current Controller for a General n-Level Inverter-Fed Drive With Nearly Constant Switching Frequency Control , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[41]  Sukumar Mishra,et al.  Biogeography based optimal state feedback controller for frequency regulation of a smart microgrid , 2014 .

[42]  J. Holtz,et al.  The trajectory tracking approach-a new method for minimum distortion PWM in dynamic high-power drives , 1992, Conference Record of the 1992 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[43]  A. Shukla,et al.  Improved Multilevel Hysteresis Current Regulation and Capacitor Voltage Balancing Schemes for Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[44]  B. Adhavan,et al.  Torque ripple reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor driven by field oriented control using Iterative Learning Control with space vector pulse width modulation , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics.

[45]  D. G. Holmes,et al.  Implementation of three level hysteresis current control for a single phase voltage source inverter , 2000, 2000 IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37018).

[46]  R. Wu,et al.  Analysis of a PWM AC to DC voltage source converter under predicted current control with fixed switching frequency , 1990, Fifth Annual Proceedings on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[47]  J. Holtz,et al.  Field-oriented asynchronous pulsewidth modulation for high performance AC machine drives operating at low switching frequency , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[48]  D. M. Divan,et al.  Delta modulation strategies for resonant link inverters , 1987, IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[49]  P. Feller.  Speed Control of an AC Motor by State Variables Feedback with Decoupling , 1983 .

[50]  T. G. Habetler,et al.  Identification and control of induction motor stator currents using fast on-line random training of a neural network , 1995, IAS '95. Conference Record of the 1995 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting.

[51]  C.M. Stephens,et al.  Fault detection and management system for fault tolerant switched reluctance motor drives , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[52]  Fang Zheng Peng,et al.  Multilevel converters-a new breed of power converters , 1995, IAS '95. Conference Record of the 1995 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting.

[53]  Hebertt Sira-Ramírez,et al.  A Robust Linear Field-Oriented Voltage Control for the Induction Motor: Experimental Results , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[54]  Yun Zhang,et al.  A new approach in state feedback controller design of LTI systems with input time delay , 2012, CCDC 2012.

[55]  T. S. Radwan,et al.  Analysis of current controllers for voltage-source inverter , 1997, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[56]  Baolin Zhang,et al.  A novel hysteresis current control for active power filter with constant frequency , 2004 .

[57]  A. Shukla,et al.  Hysteresis Current Control Operation of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter and Its Application in Shunt Compensation of Distribution Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[58]  Leon M. Tolbert,et al.  Multilevel converters for large electric drives , 1999 .

[59]  Chun-Taek Rim,et al.  A complete DC and AC analysis of three-phase controlled-current PWM rectifier using circuit D-Q transformation , 1994 .

[60]  G. Sciutto,et al.  A new multilevel PWM method: a theoretical analysis , 1990, 21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists.

[61]  A. Ghosh,et al.  Hysteresis Modulation of Multilevel Inverters , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[62]  S. B. Dewan,et al.  Analysis of a PWM AC to DC voltage source converter under the predicted current control with a fixed switching frequency , 1991 .

[63]  Mahmood Moghadasian,et al.  Sensorless speed control of induction motors using Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy inference system , 2011, 2011 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM).

[64]  Fangrui Liu,et al.  A Novel Variable Hysteresis Band Current Control of Three-Phase Three-Level Unity PF Rectifier With Constant Switching Frequency , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[65]  Mahesh K. Mishra,et al.  User-defined constant switching frequency current control strategy for a four-leg inverter , 2009 .

[66]  Fang Zheng Peng,et al.  Multilevel inverters: a survey of topologies, controls, and applications , 2002, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[67]  Tore Undeland,et al.  Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design , 1989 .

[68]  R.D. Lorenz,et al.  Design and implementation of neural networks for digital current regulation of inverter drives , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[69]  Ronald G. Harley,et al.  Implementation of a neural network to adaptively identify and control VSI fed induction motor stator currents , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[70]  Dong Seong Oh,et al.  A discretized current control technique with delayed input voltage feedback for a voltage-fed PWM inverter , 1992 .