Congestion control and energy-balanced scheme based on the hierarchy for WSNs

The problem of congestion control with balanced-energy is important for application of WSNs, since the limited resources and many-to-one communication model often result in congestion and unbalanced energy consumption. In this study, a hierarchy-based congestion control and energy-balanced scheme is proposed. The network model is firstly initialised into a hierarchical topology, by which these neighbour nodes of a node will be explicitly divided into three kinds, i.e., the same hierarchical nodes, the upstream nodes, and the downstream nodes. Then, in the proposed congestion avoidance method, the node will use other lower hierarchy neighbour nodes to forward data when its downstream node will be congested. After that, the congestion control mechanism will detect the congestion via the queue length, forwarding and receiving rate, and inform its upstream nodes to find other next hop to release the congestion. The balanced energy consumption strategy will balance the energy consumption of lower hierarchy nodes by using the node with the most remaining energy. Meanwhile, by using the same hierarchy nodes, the remaining energy of all the nodes in the same hierarchy is balanced. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively deal with the network congestion and unbalanced energy consumption.

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