Electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of poly-etherimide epoxy-diamine blend

This work deals with the study of thermoset-thermoplastic blend forming an epoxy-amine/poly-etherimide phase separated to assess the dielectric and thermal performances. These materials would be good candidates to replace the passivation layer in semiconductors, particularly ones used as switches in power electronic applications. Polyimide and Parylene are usually quoted and studied. Mixtures based on polymers would be a novel candidate that can manage to be an insulator for the system. The modified and non-modified systems where characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, dielectric analysis and analytical simulation was carried out on dielectric measurements. These complementary techniques were used first to investigate the presence of the phase separation phenomenon and second to quantify the separated nodules size. The effect of this phase separation was examined and showed enhancement in the dielectric values compared to the pure epoxy system. It was finally simulated to show a close assumption of what is found experimentally.

[1]  J. Pascault,et al.  Epoxy-Aromatic Diamine Kinetics. Part 1. Modeling and Influence of the Diamine Structure , 1995 .

[2]  I. Blanco,et al.  Development of a toughened DGEBS/DDS system toward improved thermal and mechanical properties by the addition of a tetrafunctional epoxy resin and a novel thermoplastic , 2003 .

[3]  C. Bucknall,et al.  Epoxy resin toughened with thermoplastic , 1991 .

[4]  A. Krivda,et al.  Electrical properties analysis of micro and nano composite epoxy resin materials , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[5]  M. Akay,et al.  Epoxy resin–polyethersulphone blends , 1994 .

[6]  J. Fothergill,et al.  Internal charge behaviour of nanocomposites , 2004 .

[7]  B. Lestriez,et al.  Intractable high‐Tg thermoplastics processed with epoxy resin: Interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of the cured blends , 2001 .

[8]  Bo-geng Li,et al.  A comparative study of epoxy resin cured with a linear diamine and a branched polyamine , 2012 .

[9]  É. David,et al.  Nanostructured epoxy/POSS composites: High performance dielectrics with improved corona resistance and thermal conductivity , 2014, 2014 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC).

[10]  M. Taha,et al.  Epoxy-Diamine Thermoset/Thermoplastic Blends. 1. Rates of Reactions before and after Phase Separation , 1999 .

[11]  Christian Brosseau,et al.  Modelling and simulation of dielectric heterostructures: a physical survey from an historical perspective , 2006 .

[12]  S. Fu,et al.  Preparation and cryogenic mechanical properties of epoxy resins modified by poly(ethersulfone) , 2008 .

[13]  A. P. Altshuller The Shapes of Particles from Dielectric Constant Studies of Suspensions , 1954 .

[14]  D. Polder,et al.  The effective permeability of mixtures of solids , 1946 .

[15]  P. Morshuis,et al.  Enhancing the thermal and electrical performance of epoxy microcomposites with the addition of nanofillers , 2015, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine.

[16]  L. Leibler,et al.  ABC Triblock Copolymers/Epoxy−Diamine Blends. 2. Parameters Controlling the Morphologies and Properties , 2003 .

[17]  T. Tanaka,et al.  Dielectric nanocomposites with insulating properties , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[18]  H. Ploehn,et al.  Polymer Composite and Nanocomposite Dielectric Materials for Pulse Power Energy Storage † , 2009, Materials.

[19]  M. J. Thomas,et al.  AC breakdown characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[20]  É. David,et al.  Epoxy/BN micro- and submicro-composites: dielectric and thermal properties of enhanced materials for high voltage insulation systems , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[21]  C. Bucknall,et al.  Toughening tetrafunctional epoxy resins using polyetherimide , 1989 .

[22]  M. Fu,et al.  Dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites containing TiO/sub 2/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and ZnO fillers , 2004, The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2004. LEOS 2004..

[23]  Jia‐Horng Lin,et al.  Polymer composites made of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nano-sheets: Effects of sandwich structures on their electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness , 2016 .

[24]  S. D. Jenkins,et al.  A dielectric, mechanical, rheological and electron microscopy study of cure and properties of a thermoplastic-modified epoxy resin , 1992 .

[25]  H. Sautereau,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of the phase separation in polyetherimide-modified epoxies , 1996 .

[26]  Xiaowen Yuan,et al.  Carbon fibre/graphene foam/polymer composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties , 2016 .

[27]  C. Bucknall,et al.  Relationship between structure and mechanical properties in rubber‐toughened epoxy resins , 1978 .

[28]  D. J. Hourston,et al.  The toughening of epoxy resins with thermoplastics: 1. Trifunctional epoxy resin-polyetherimide blends , 1992 .

[29]  T. Jamnongkan,et al.  Improvement in physical and electrical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel conductive polymer composites , 2015 .

[30]  P. Sheng,et al.  Electrical properties of carbon-polymer composites , 1982 .

[31]  P. Morshuis,et al.  The role of particle distribution in the dielectric response of epoxy–boron nitride nanocomposites , 2015, Journal of Materials Science.

[32]  J. Pascault,et al.  Polyetherimide-modified epoxy networks: Influence of cure conditions on morphology and mechanical properties , 1997 .

[33]  S. Harsha,et al.  Analysis of mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites using multi-scale finite element modeling approach , 2016 .

[34]  T. Pardoen,et al.  Morphology and fracture properties of toughened highly crosslinked epoxy composites: A comparative study between high and low Tg tougheners , 2016 .

[35]  S. Levchik,et al.  Thermal decomposition, combustion and flame‐retardancy of epoxy resins—a review of the recent literature , 2004 .

[36]  J. Hedrick,et al.  Chemical modification of matrix resin networks with engineering thermoplastics: 1. Synthesis, morphology, physical behaviour and toughening mechanisms of poly(arylene ether sulphone) modified epoxy networks , 1991 .

[37]  S. Singha,et al.  Dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[38]  S. Sathyamurthy,et al.  Electrical properties of epoxy resin based nano-composites , 2007 .

[39]  G. Tsangaris,et al.  Interfacial relaxation phenomena in particulate composites of epoxy resin with copper or iron particles , 1996 .

[40]  J. An,et al.  Effects of morphology on toughening of tetrafunctional epoxy resins with poly(ether imide) , 1993 .

[41]  A. Krivda,et al.  Dielectric properties of epoxy based nanocomposites for high voltage insulation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[42]  F. Tournilhac,et al.  Chemistry and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Based Thermosets Reinforced by Reactive and Nonreactive SBMX Block Copolymers , 2004 .

[43]  Arup Choudhury,et al.  Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of polyetherimide/BaTiO3 nanocomposites , 2010 .

[44]  Y. Ohki,et al.  Effects of nanofiller materials on the dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[45]  I. Mondragon,et al.  Phase separation induced by a chain polymerization: Polysulfone-modified epoxy/anhydride systems , 1998 .

[46]  G. Stevens,et al.  Thermal Properties of Composites Filled with Different Fillers , 2008, Conference Record of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.

[47]  Patrick Navard,et al.  Reaction-induced phase separation mechanisms in modified thermosets , 1998 .

[48]  J. Hedrick,et al.  Chemical modification of matrix Resin networks with engineering thermoplastics , 1985 .

[49]  H. Fricke,et al.  The Maxwell-Wagner Dispersion in a Suspension of Ellipsoids , 1953 .

[50]  Lucien Monnerie,et al.  Dynamic mechanical and 13C n.m.r. investigations of molecular motions involved in the β relaxation of epoxy networks based on DGEBA and aliphatic amines , 1997 .

[51]  J. Pascault,et al.  Nanostructured Epoxies Based on the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers: A New Miscible Block That Can Be Tailored to Different Epoxy Formulations , 2007, 1311.5439.

[52]  Koji Asami,et al.  Characterization of heterogeneous systems by dielectric spectroscopy , 2002 .

[53]  Isaac Balberg,et al.  Excluded volume and its relation to the onset of percolation , 1984 .