The Shared Bicycle and Its Network—Internet of Shared Bicycle (IoSB): A Review and Survey

With the expansion of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in smart cities, the shared bicycle has developed quickly as a new green public transportation mode, and is changing the travel habits of citizens heavily across the world, especially in China. The purpose of the current paper is to provide an inclusive review and survey on shared bicycle besides its benefits, history, brands and comparisons. In addition, it proposes the concept of the Internet of Shared Bicycle (IoSB) for the first time, as far as we know, to find a feasible solution for those technical problems of the shared bicycle. The possible architecture of IoSB in our opinion is presented, as well as most of key IoT technologies, and their capabilities to merge into and apply to the different parts of IoSB are introduced. Meanwhile, some challenges and barriers to IoSB’s implementation are expressed thoroughly too. As far as the advice for overcoming those barriers be concerned, the IoSB’s potential aspects and applications in smart city with respect to technology development in the future provide another valuable further discussion in this paper.

[1]  T. Moriizumi,et al.  Sensor-based air-pollution measurement system for environmental monitoring network , 2003, TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664).

[2]  Sateesh Kumar Pradhan,et al.  An optimal clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSPC).

[3]  N. V. Rajeesh Kumar,et al.  Comparison of ZigBee and Bluetooth wireless technologies-survey , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES).

[4]  Dhananjay Singh,et al.  Internet of vehicles for smart and safe driving , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE).

[5]  Yang Tang,et al.  Research on Users’ Frequency of Ride in Shanghai Minhang Bike-sharing System , 2017 .

[6]  Richard G. Baraniuk,et al.  Theory and Implementation of an Analog-to-Information Converter using Random Demodulation , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[7]  Fredrik Gustafsson,et al.  Performance of OTDOA positioning in narrowband IoT systems , 2017, 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[8]  Chris Kiefer,et al.  Smart e-bike monitoring system: real-time open source and open hardware GPS assistance and sensor data for electrically-assisted bicycles , 2016 .

[9]  Chun Yeow Yeoh,et al.  Experimental assessment of battery lifetime for commercial off-the-shelf NB-IoT module , 2018, 2018 20th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT).

[10]  Manos M. Tentzeris,et al.  Ambient RF Energy-Harvesting Technologies for Self-Sustainable Standalone Wireless Sensor Platforms , 2014, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[11]  Shivashankar,et al.  Implementation of health monitoring in sensor platform for wireless body area network , 2017, 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT).

[12]  P. Midgley.  The role of smart bike-sharing systems in urban mobility , 2009 .

[13]  Xenofon D. Koutsoukos,et al.  A Survey on Localization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks , 2009, MELT.

[14]  Feng Xia,et al.  ROSE: Robustness Strategy for Scale-Free Wireless Sensor Networks , 2017, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[15]  Erina Ferro,et al.  Environmental Monitoring for Smart Cities , 2017, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[16]  Xuan Zeng,et al.  HeartID: A Multiresolution Convolutional Neural Network for ECG-Based Biometric Human Identification in Smart Health Applications , 2017, IEEE Access.

[17]  Kyungran Kang,et al.  A Blind Calibration Scheme Exploiting Mutual Calibration Relationships for a Dense Mobile Sensor Network , 2014, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[18]  Huajun Chen,et al.  Semantic Framework of Internet of Things for Smart Cities: Case Studies , 2016, Sensors.

[19]  S. Frick,et al.  Compressed Sensing , 2014, Computer Vision, A Reference Guide.

[20]  Yeran Sun,et al.  Investigating Impacts of Environmental Factors on the Cycling Behavior of Bicycle-Sharing Users , 2017 .

[21]  Lianwen Jin,et al.  A New CNN-Based Method for Multi-Directional Car License Plate Detection , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[22]  A. Mobasheri,et al.  Utilizing Crowdsourced Data for Studies of Cycling and Air Pollution Exposure: A Case Study Using Strava Data , 2017, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[23]  Beatrix Wepner,et al.  Drivers, trends and scenarios for the future of health in Europe. Impressions from the FRESHER project , 2018 .

[24]  Khairil Anuar,et al.  Real time indoor measurement of 2G, 3G and LTE mobile networks in Malaysia , 2016, 2016 IEEE 3rd International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT).

[25]  Chin-Teng Lin,et al.  Internet of Vehicles: Motivation, Layered Architecture, Network Model, Challenges, and Future Aspects , 2016, IEEE Access.

[26]  Sherali Zeadally,et al.  Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, Protocols, and Security , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[27]  David Akopian,et al.  Modern WLAN Fingerprinting Indoor Positioning Methods and Deployment Challenges , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[28]  Michel Robert,et al.  Overview of narrowband IoT in LTE Rel-13 , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN).

[29]  Sye Loong Keoh,et al.  Efficient journey planning and congestion prediction through deep learning , 2017, 2017 International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2).

[30]  Diana Mangalagiu,et al.  Enabling Value Co-Creation in the Sharing Economy: The Case of Mobike , 2017 .

[31]  R. Michael Buehrer,et al.  Improving positioning in LTE through collaboration , 2014, 2014 11th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication (WPNC).

[32]  Klaus Bogenberger,et al.  GPS-Data Analysis of Munich's Free-Floating Bike Sharing System and Application of an Operator-based Relocation Strategy , 2015, 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[33]  Kwong-Sak Leung,et al.  A Survey of Wireless Sensor Network Based Air Pollution Monitoring Systems , 2015, Sensors.

[34]  Armin Dammann,et al.  On prospects of positioning in 5G , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW).

[35]  Tom Petersen,et al.  Optimising Bike Sharing in European Cities - A Handbook , 2011 .

[36]  M M Tripathi,et al.  Survey paper on sensors for body area network in health care , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computing and Communication Technologies (ICETCCT).

[37]  Jing Liu,et al.  Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[38]  K. Vinoth Babu,et al.  Two phase dynamic method for cluster head selection in wireless sensor network for Internet of Things applications , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET).

[39]  Jun Li,et al.  A smart parking system based on NB-IoT and third-party payment platform , 2017, 2017 17th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT).

[40]  Haibin Zhang,et al.  Connecting Intelligent Things in Smart Hospitals Using NB-IoT , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[41]  Justin K. Romberg,et al.  Beyond Nyquist: Efficient Sampling of Sparse Bandlimited Signals , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[42]  Noor Azurati Ahmad,et al.  Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A survey , 2016, 2016 IEEE 3rd International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT).

[43]  Reza Malekian,et al.  Wireless machine-to-machine communication for intelligent transportation systems: Internet of vehicles and vehicle to grid , 2017, 2017 40th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO).

[44]  Guangquan Fu,et al.  The intelligent traffic control based on the Internet of Things , 2015, 2015 8th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI).

[45]  Yanhua Li,et al.  Planning Bike Lanes based on Sharing-Bikes' Trajectories , 2017, KDD.

[46]  Honglong Chen,et al.  Narrowband Internet of Things Systems With Opportunistic D2D Communication , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[47]  Yuri Merkuryev,et al.  Bicycle network construction and maintenance technology - VeloRouter (September 2016) , 2016, 2016 IEEE 4th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE).

[48]  Roger Wattenhofer,et al.  Fast and Robust GPS Fix Using One Millisecond of Data , 2017, 2017 16th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN).

[49]  M Anto Merline,et al.  Smart city: Issues and research challenges in implementation , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities (ICSGSC).

[50]  Jenn-Jong Shieh,et al.  Solar energy powered bicycle for wireless supervisory control and remote power management applications , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.

[51]  K. Fowler.  Sensor survey: Part 2 sensors and sensor networks in five years [Sensor Survey Results] , 2009, IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine.

[52]  Sherali Zeadally,et al.  A Survey of Device-to-Device Communications: Research Issues and Challenges , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[53]  Sanjay Srivastava,et al.  Air pollution monitoring using wireless sensor network , 2016, 2016 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE).

[54]  Sharath Anand,et al.  Remote monitoring of water level in industrial storage tanks using NB-IoT , 2018, 2018 International Conference on Communication information and Computing Technology (ICCICT).

[55]  Mahesh Sooriyabandara,et al.  Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[56]  Paul A. Zandbergen,et al.  Accuracy of iPhone Locations: A Comparison of Assisted GPS, WiFi and Cellular Positioning , 2009 .

[57]  Paul DeMaio,et al.  WILL SMART BIKES SUCCEED AS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE UNITED STATES , 2004 .

[58]  Awais Ahmad,et al.  Urban planning and building smart cities based on the Internet of Things using Big Data analytics , 2016, Comput. Networks.

[59]  Vijay Ukani,et al.  Aggregation in wireless multimedia sensor network , 2013, 2013 Nirma University International Conference on Engineering (NUiCONE).

[60]  Bin Sheng,et al.  From Wireless Positioning to Mobile Positioning: An Overview of Recent Advances , 2014, IEEE Systems Journal.

[61]  Yan Wang,et al.  Cooperative localization in 5G networks: A survey , 2017, ICT Express.

[62]  Raza Hasan,et al.  Critical success factors behind the sustainability of the Sharing Economy , 2016, 2016 IEEE 14th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA).

[63]  Zhencai Zhu,et al.  Topology Control Strategy for Movable Sensor Networks in Ultradeep Shafts , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[64]  Alexandru Lavric,et al.  Performance evaluation of WSN topology control algorithms that can be used in the Smart City concept , 2015, 2015 7th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI).

[65]  Shuangbao Wang,et al.  NFC Unlock: Secure Two-Factor Computer Authentication Using NFC , 2017, 2017 IEEE 14th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS).

[66]  Chi-Chia Sun,et al.  IOT solution for public bicycle system , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW).

[67]  P. DeMaio.  Bike-sharing: History, Impacts, Models of Provision, and Future , 2009 .

[68]  Nuria Oliver,et al.  Sensing and predicting the pulse of the city through shared bicycling , 2009, IJCAI 2009.

[69]  Ying Zhang,et al.  Performance evaluation of bike sharing system in Wuchang area of Wuhan, China , 2012, 2012 6th International Association for China Planning Conference (IACP).

[70]  Ataul Aziz Ikram,et al.  MPPT based ASBC controller and solar panel monitoring system , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Energy Systems and Policies (ICESP).

[71]  D. K. Shedge,et al.  Different types of wearable sensors and health monitoring systems: A survey , 2016, 2016 2nd International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT).

[72]  Faruk Yildiz,et al.  Potential Ambient Energy-Harvesting Sources and Techniques , 2009 .

[73]  Mari Carmen Domingo,et al.  Integration of Body Sensor Networks and Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks for Traffic Safety , 2016, Sensors.

[74]  Subuh Pramono,et al.  Comparative analysis of star topology and multihop topology outdoor propagation based on Quality of Service (QoS) of wireless sensor network(WSN) , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (Comnetsat).

[75]  Sumit Tiwari,et al.  An Introduction to QR Code Technology , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT).

[76]  Robert Bogdan Staszewski,et al.  Frequency-domain adaptive-resolution level-crossing-sampling ADC , 2017, 2017 3rd International Conference on Event-Based Control, Communication and Signal Processing (EBCCSP).

[77]  Busra Ozdenizci,et al.  A Survey on Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology , 2012, Wireless Personal Communications.

[78]  Lin Lei,et al.  The Study on Dynamic Topology Structure of Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation.

[79]  Jian Sun,et al.  An Improved Air Quality Monitoring System Based On Wireless Sensor Networks , 2017, ICCIS 2017.

[80]  Aurelio Tommasetti,et al.  A Review of Smart Cities Based on the Internet of Things Concept , 2017 .