Detection of canine distemper in conjunctival and nasal swabs of dogs

The present study was undertaken to detect the presence of canine distemper virus (CDV) in suspected dogs by immunochromatographic (IC) strip test and nested RT-PCR. A total of 100 samples (50 each of conjunctival and nasal swabs) were collected from dogs suspected of canine distemper. These samples were tested by IC strip test using Ubio quickVET canine distemper virus Ag detection kit for preliminary diagnosis and then subjected to molecular detection by nested RT-PCR. Twenty eight samples were found positive by the Ubio quickVet kit and out of these positive samples 17(34%) were conjunctival swabs and 11(22%) were nasal swabs. A total of 50 samples were subjected to nested RT-PCR for the detection of CD virus RNA by amplification of N gene and desired amplicon of 419bp was observed in nine samples, out of which 6 (24%) were conjunctival swabs and 3(12%) were nasal swabs. Nested RT-PCR of N gene is the reliable technique for the detection of CDV and conjunctival swab samples would be the most suitable and practical specimen for the early detection of CDV infection.

[1]  A. Rostami,et al.  Molecular and Serological Detection of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in Rural Dogs, Iran , 2013 .

[2]  M. Rabbani,et al.  Comparative evaluation of clinical samples from naturally infected dogs for early detection of canine distemper virus , 2010, Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences.

[3]  R. Allison,et al.  Canine Distemper Virus Strains Circulating among North American Dogs , 2008, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

[4]  S. Pak,et al.  Comparison of tissue and fluid samples for the early detection of canine distemper virus in experimentally infected dogs. , 2006, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[5]  H. S. Morais,et al.  Detection of canine distemper virus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the urine of dogs with clinical signs of distemper encephalitis. , 2006, Research in veterinary science.

[6]  A. Jóźwik,et al.  Comparison of the Immunofluorescence Assay with RT-PCR and Nested PCR in the Diagnosis of Canine Distemper , 2005, Veterinary Research Communications.

[7]  A. Rzeżutka,et al.  Application of N-PCR for diagnosis of distemper in dogs and fur animals. , 2002, Veterinary microbiology.

[8]  G. Herrler,et al.  The Hemagglutinin of Canine Distemper Virus Determines Tropism and Cytopathogenicity , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[9]  H. Yoo,et al.  Detection of canine distemper virus (CDV) through one step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR. , 2001, Journal of veterinary science.

[10]  W. Baumgärtner,et al.  Detection of Canine Distemper Virus Nucleoprotein RNA by Reverse Transcription-PCR Using Serum, Whole Blood, and Cerebrospinal Fluid from Dogs with Distemper , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[11]  S. Cook,et al.  Canine distemper virus L gene: sequence and comparison with related viruses. , 1993, Virology.

[12]  D. P. Schlesinger.  Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. , 1991 .

[13]  A. Diallo.  Morbillivirus group: genome organisation and proteins. , 1990, Veterinary microbiology.

[14]  Y. Une,et al.  Hemagglutinin genotype profiles of canine distemper virus from domestic dogs in Japan , 2001, Archives of Virology.