RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system

The proliferation of mobile computing devices and local-area wireless networks has fostered a growing interest in location-aware systems and services. In this paper we present RADAR, a radio-frequency (RF)-based system for locating and tracking users inside buildings. RADAR operates by recording and processing signal strength information at multiple base stations positioned to provide overlapping coverage in the area of interest. It combines empirical measurements with signal propagation modeling to determine user location and thereby enable location-aware services and applications. We present experimental results that demonstrate the ability of RADAR to estimate user location with a high degree of accuracy.

[1]  S. Rice.  Mathematical analysis of random noise , 1944 .

[2]  A. Guttmma,et al.  R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching , 1984 .

[3]  Antonin Guttman,et al.  R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching , 1984, SIGMOD '84.

[4]  Ray Jain,et al.  The art of computer systems performance analysis - techniques for experimental design, measurement, simulation, and modeling , 1991, Wiley professional computing.

[5]  Larry Wall,et al.  Programming Perl , 1991 .

[6]  Andy Hopper,et al.  The active badge location system , 1992, TOIS.

[7]  James C. Miller,et al.  Computer graphics principles and practice, second edition , 1992, Comput. Graph..

[8]  S. Seidel,et al.  914 MHz path loss prediction models for indoor wireless communications in multifloored buildings , 1992 .

[9]  P. A. Godwin,et al.  A prison guard Duress alarm location system , 1993, 1993 Proceedings of IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology.

[10]  H. Hashemi,et al.  The indoor radio propagation channel , 1993, Proc. IEEE.

[11]  Ronald Azuma,et al.  Tracking requirements for augmented reality , 1993, CACM.

[12]  A. Harter,et al.  A distributed location system for the active office , 1994, IEEE Network.

[13]  John K. Ousterhout,et al.  Tcl and the Tk Toolkit , 1994 .

[14]  Brian W. Kernighan,et al.  WISE design of indoor wireless systems: practical computation and optimization , 1995 .

[15]  V. Leitáo,et al.  Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice , 1995 .

[16]  Larry Wall,et al.  Programming Perl (2nd ed.) , 1996 .

[17]  Hans-Peter Kriegel,et al.  The X-tree : An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data , 2001, VLDB.

[18]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless communications - principles and practice , 1996 .

[19]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Composable ad-hoc mobile services for universal interaction , 1997, MobiCom '97.

[20]  Henning Maas.  Location-aware mobile applications based on directory services , 1997, MobiCom 1997.

[21]  Henning Maaß.  Location-Aware Mobile Applications Based on Directory Services , 1997, MobiCom.

[22]  S. Tekinay.  Wireless Geolocation Systems and Services , 1998, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[23]  Hans-Peter Kriegel,et al.  Optimal multi-step k-nearest neighbor search , 1998, SIGMOD '98.

[24]  Gerald C. Nelson,et al.  Context-aware and location systems , 1998 .

[25]  Tong Liu,et al.  Mobility modeling, location tracking, and trajectory prediction in wireless ATM networks , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[26]  Per Enge,et al.  Special Issue on Global Positioning System , 1999, Proc. IEEE.