Examination of Bone Like Materials

The aim of this research is to develop a new minimally invasive measurement procedure. With this method implantologist could determine the local mechanical and structural properties of the cellular solids materials (e.g. bones) into which implants are placed. The currently applied methods are based on image measurement procedures (CT, Hounsfield scale etc.). The dentists, with the knowledge of the determined mechanical properties of the bone, can choose the ideal surgical parameters (flap size, diameter of drill, hole-depth, healing time, etc.) and the ideal implant type for the patients. During the development of the measuring procedure, was used bone modeling materials (“bone-like materials”) instead of bone. With these materials it is easier to do tests, than with living tissues. The bone like materials needs to have the same mechanical and structural properties as the given bone. The following bone like materials was used during the measurement: woods (Amaranth, Alnus, Ipe, Iroko, Robinia, Pyrus, Zebrano), and on the market available polyurethane solid foams (Sawbones D1 and D2). Among the literatures are summaries, which include the biomechanical assessments for implant stability. These technics are good to determine the implant stability in different bones and bone like materials after the implantation. In this work torsional test were used. This test is based on the determination of the insertion torque as a function of the implant displacement. Used the insertion torque functions and the screw geometrical parameters, the rotational work was determined. The different materials insertion torque functions have different slope values. The slopes and the rotational work results show which bone like material has similar insertion parameters (insertion torque function, rotational work) as a mandible during the insertion of an implant. With this torsional test and the knowledge of the bone like materials insertion torque functions and the rotational works it is possible to find the best material for the modeling of an implantation. Using this material, medical students can practice and improved the surgical techniques.