Selective Plasmonic Enhancement of Electric- and Magnetic-Dipole Radiations of Er Ions.

Lanthanoid series are unique in atomic elements. One reason is because they have 4f electronic states forbidding electric-dipole (ED) transitions in vacuum and another reason is because they are very useful in current-day optical technologies such as lasers and fiber-based telecommunications. Trivalent Er ions are well-known as a key atomic element supporting 1.5 μm band optical technologies and also as complex photoluminescence (PL) band deeply mixing ED and magnetic-dipole (MD) transitions. Here we show large and selective enhancement of ED and MD radiations up to 83- and 26-fold for a reference bulk state, respectively, in experiments employing plasmonic nanocavity arrays. We achieved the marked PL enhancement by use of an optimal design for electromagnetic (EM) local density of states (LDOS) and by Er-ion doping in deep subwavelength precision. We moreover clarify the quantitative contribution of ED and MD radiations to the PL band, and the magnetic Purcell effect in the PL-decay temporal measurement. This study experimentally demonstrates a new scheme of EM-LDOS engineering in plasmon-enhanced photonics, which will be a key technique to develop loss-compensated and active plasmonic devices.

[1]  Rashid Zia,et al.  Spectral tuning by selective enhancement of electric and magnetic dipole emission. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[2]  M. Iwanaga,et al.  Heteroplasmon hybridization in stacked complementary plasmo-photonic crystals. , 2015, Nano letters.

[3]  S. Weissman,et al.  Multiple Nature of Elementary Sources of Radiation—Wide-Angle Interference , 1941 .

[4]  L. Novotný,et al.  Enhancement and quenching of single-molecule fluorescence. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[5]  E. Purcell,et al.  Resonance Absorption by Nuclear Magnetic Moments in a Solid , 1946 .

[6]  R. Silbey,et al.  Molecular Fluorescence and Energy Transfer Near Interfaces , 2007 .

[7]  Wei Ding,et al.  Enhancement of Immunoassay's Fluorescence and Detection Sensitivity Using Three-dimensional Plasmonic Nano-antenna-dots Array , 2022 .

[8]  Y. Kivshar,et al.  Enhancing Eu(3+) magnetic dipole emission by resonant plasmonic nanostructures. , 2015, Optics letters.

[9]  Harald Giessen,et al.  Cavity plasmonics: large normal mode splitting of electric and magnetic particle plasmons induced by a photonic microcavity. , 2010, Nano letters.

[10]  M. Majewski,et al.  Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. , 1998, Applied optics.

[11]  Makoto Okada,et al.  Thermal emission of two-color polarized infrared waves from integrated plasmon cavities , 2008 .

[12]  A. Polman,et al.  Plasmon-enhanced erbium luminescence , 2006 .

[13]  Enrico Gratton,et al.  Bimetallic nanopetals for thousand-fold fluorescence enhancements , 2010 .

[14]  David R. Smith,et al.  Reversing Light: Negative Refraction , 2004 .

[15]  B. Judd,et al.  OPTICAL ABSORPTION INTENSITIES OF RARE-EARTH IONS , 1962 .

[16]  L. Dal Negro,et al.  Enhanced light emission from erbium doped silicon nitride in plasmonic metal-insulator-metal structures. , 2009, Optics express.

[17]  Zongfu Yu,et al.  Large single-molecule fluorescence enhancements produced by a bowtie nanoantenna , 2009 .

[18]  K. Müllen,et al.  Fluorescence enhancement from individual plasmonic gap resonances. , 2010, ACS nano.

[19]  M. Fujii,et al.  Enhancement of photoluminescence from Yb and Er co-doped Al2O3 films by an asymmetric metal cavity , 2006 .

[20]  G. S. Ofelt.  Intensities of Crystal Spectra of Rare‐Earth Ions , 1962 .

[21]  P G Etchegoin,et al.  Ultrafast nonradiative decay rates on metallic surfaces by comparing surface-enhanced Raman and fluorescence signals of single molecules. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[22]  Rashid Zia,et al.  Quantifying the magnetic nature of light emission , 2012, Nature Communications.

[23]  M. Noginov,et al.  Effect of metallic surface on electric dipole and magnetic dipole emission transitions in Eu3+ doped polymeric film. , 2009, Optics express.

[24]  R. Zia,et al.  Strong enhancement of magnetic dipole emission in a multilevel electronic system. , 2010, Optics letters.

[25]  H. Miyazaki,et al.  Squeezing visible light waves into a 3-nm-thick and 55-nm-long plasmon cavity. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[26]  H. Miyazaki,et al.  The artificial control of enhanced optical processes in fluorescent molecules on high-emittance metasurfaces. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[27]  W. Miniscalco.  Erbium-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers at 1500 nm , 1991 .

[28]  Q. Thommen,et al.  Left-handed properties of erbium-doped crystals. , 2006, Optics letters.

[29]  Jean-Jacques Greffet,et al.  Field theory for generalized bidirectional reflectivity: derivation of Helmholtz’s reciprocity principle and Kirchhoff’s law , 1998 .

[30]  M. Noginov,et al.  Magnetic dipole based systems for probing optical magnetism , 2008 .

[31]  Jacobson,et al.  Controlled atomic spontaneous emission from Er3+ in a transparent Si/SiO2 microcavity. , 1993, Physical review letters.

[32]  Hervé Rigneault,et al.  A plasmonic 'antenna-in-box' platform for enhanced single-molecule analysis at micromolar concentrations. , 2013, Nature nanotechnology.

[33]  Mingming Jiang,et al.  Quantifying and controlling the magnetic dipole contribution to 1.5-μm light emission in erbium-doped yttrium oxide , 2014, 1402.3717.

[34]  H. Miyazaki,et al.  Overcoming metal-induced fluorescence quenching on plasmo-photonic metasurfaces coated by a self-assembled monolayer. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[35]  David J. Richardson,et al.  High power fiber lasers: current status and future perspectives [Invited] , 2010 .

[36]  Wen-Di Li,et al.  Giant and uniform fluorescence enhancement over large areas using plasmonic nanodots in 3D resonant cavity nanoantenna by nanoimprinting , 2012, Nanotechnology.

[37]  A. Polman,et al.  Erbium implanted thin film photonic materials , 1997 .

[38]  Maria Miritello,et al.  Strong enhancement of Er3+ emission at room temperature in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides , 2006 .

[39]  V. Shalaev.  Optical negative-index metamaterials , 2007 .

[40]  R. Zia,et al.  Direct modulation of lanthanide emission at sub-lifetime scales. , 2013, Nano letters.

[41]  J. R. Sambles,et al.  Dispersion of surface plasmon polaritons on short-pitch metal gratings , 2002 .

[42]  M. J. Weber,et al.  Probabilities for Radiative and Nonradiative Decay of Er 3 + in La F 3 , 1967 .