Neurotechnology and Society: Strengthening Responsible Innovation in Brain Science

Technological advances have the potential to dramatically increase our understanding of the human brain, treat and cure injury and disease, and enhance our general well-being. While advances in neuroscience hold great promise, they also raise profound ethical, legal, and social questions. In this vein, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) convened an international workshop in September 2016 to explore responsible research and innovation in brain science.

[1]  N Lubello,et al.  Open innovation in global networks , 2017 .

[2]  Francis X. Shen,et al.  Red States, Blue States, and Brain States , 2015 .

[3]  Dean J Krusienski,et al.  Brain-computer interfaces in medicine. , 2012, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[4]  Robert Puers,et al.  High-density optrode-electrode neural probe using SixNy photonics for in vivo optogenetics , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM).

[5]  James Giordano,et al.  Neuroethical Issues in Neurogenetic and Neuro-Implantation Technology: The Need for Pragmatism and Preparedness in Practice and Policy , 2011 .

[6]  Justin C. Sanchez,et al.  DARPA-funded efforts in the development of novel brain–computer interface technologies , 2015, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[7]  Kevin Warwick,et al.  Novel Neurotechnologies: Intervening in the Brain , 2013 .

[8]  J. Giordano Neurogenetic and Neural Tissue-Implantation Technology: Neuroethical, Legal, and Social Issues , 2012 .

[9]  Manuel Le Gallo,et al.  Stochastic phase-change neurons. , 2016, Nature nanotechnology.

[10]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[11]  Patricia J. Zettler What lies ahead for FDA regulation of tDCS products , 2016 .

[12]  J. M. Gadekar,et al.  Nanotechnology: Green Innovation , 2014 .

[13]  J. Wolpaw Brain–Computer Interface Research Comes of Age: Traditional Assumptions Meet Emerging Realities , 2010, Journal of motor behavior.

[14]  C. Stroud,et al.  Non-Invasive Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System: Opportunities and Challenges: Workshop Summary , 2015 .

[15]  J. Durant Participatory technology assessment and the democratic model of the public understanding of science , 1999 .

[16]  B. Mulsant,et al.  What Is the Role of Brain Stimulation Therapies in the Treatment of Depression? , 2013, Current Psychiatry Reports.

[17]  M. Gorman,et al.  A framework for responsible innovation , 2013 .

[18]  S. Rose,et al.  The future of the brain. , 2000, Biologist.

[19]  C. Morrissey,et al.  Bioethics Methods in the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of the Human Genome Project Literature , 2014, Bioethics.

[20]  Leigh E. Charvet,et al.  Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Evidence Based Update 2016 , 2016, Brain Stimulation.

[21]  Kathy Sykes,et al.  Responsible Innovation – Opening Up Dialogue and Debate , 2013 .

[22]  David H. Guston,et al.  Innovation policy: not just a jumbo shrimp , 2008, Nature.

[23]  R. Cohen Kadosh,et al.  The regulation of cognitive enhancement devices: refining Maslen et al.'s model , 2015, Journal of law and the biosciences.

[24]  Raul Robalino,et al.  Freedom of design , 2002 .

[25]  J. Cummings,et al.  Alzheimer’s disease drug-development pipeline: few candidates, frequent failures , 2014, Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.

[26]  F. Brom,et al.  Institutionalizing Ethical Debates in Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: A Comparison of Europe, India and China , 2015 .

[27]  James Wilsdon,et al.  Why should we promote public engagement with science? , 2014, Public understanding of science.

[28]  J. Stilgoe,et al.  Responsible research and innovation: From science in society to science for society, with society , 2012, Emerging Technologies: Ethics, Law and Governance.

[29]  Rafael Yuste,et al.  A National Network of Neurotechnology Centers for the BRAIN Initiative , 2015, Neuron.

[30]  K. Lohr,et al.  Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults , 2011 .

[31]  Carl Mitcham,et al.  Co-responsibility for research integrity , 2003, Science and engineering ethics.

[32]  David H Guston,et al.  Understanding ‘anticipatory governance’ , 2014, Social Studies of Science.

[33]  O. Oecd,et al.  The OECD principles of corporate governance , 2009 .

[34]  Anita Jwa,et al.  Early adopters of the magical thinking cap: a study on do-it-yourself (DIY) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) user community , 2015, Journal of law and the biosciences.

[35]  Anna Wexler The practices of do-it-yourself brain stimulation: implications for ethical considerations and regulatory proposals , 2015, Journal of Medical Ethics.

[36]  J. Bessant,et al.  Responsible innovation : managing the responsible emergence of science and innovation in society , 2013 .

[37]  D. Schroeder,et al.  Towards principled Responsible Research and Innovation: employing the Difference Principle in funding decisions , 2015 .

[38]  Alexxai V. Kravitz,et al.  Optogenetics, physiology, and emotions , 2013, Front. Behav. Neurosci..

[39]  N. Bostrom Strategic Implications of Openness in AI Development , 2017, Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security.

[40]  J. Giordano Neurotechnology as Demiurgical Force: Avoiding Icarus’ Folly , 2012 .

[41]  R. Cohen Kadosh,et al.  The regulation of cognitive enhancement devices: extending the medical model , 2014, Journal of law and the biosciences.

[42]  Carver A. Mead,et al.  Neuromorphic electronic systems , 1990, Proc. IEEE.

[43]  B. Lo Sharing clinical trial data: maximizing benefits, minimizing risk. , 2015, JAMA.

[44]  A. Rip,et al.  The past and future of constructive technology assessment , 1997 .

[45]  Jonathan R. Wolpaw,et al.  Brain–Computer Interfaces: Something New under the Sun , 2012 .

[46]  F. Jotterand,et al.  Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications in International Perspectives , 2016 .

[47]  M. Schermer The Mind and the Machine. On the Conceptual and Moral Implications of Brain-Machine Interaction , 2009, Nanoethics.

[48]  D. Stemerding,et al.  Science and Technology Governance and Ethics : A Global Perspective from Europe, India and China , 2015 .

[49]  Jack Stilgoe,et al.  Foreword: Why Responsible Innovation? , 2013 .

[50]  Christopher Coenen,et al.  Visions, Hype, and Expectations: A Place for Responsibility , 2013 .

[51]  Claes Hiigg,et al.  The OECD Guidelines for multinational enterprises , 1984 .

[52]  J. Acevedo,et al.  Economic Analysis of Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson Disease: Systematic Review of the Literature. , 2016, World neurosurgery.

[53]  L. Kahlor,et al.  Ethics Information Seeking and Sharing Among Scientists , 2016 .

[54]  Nikolas Rose,et al.  The Human Brain Project: Social and Ethical Challenges , 2014, Neuron.

[55]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  Clinical Applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces: Current State and Future Prospects , 2009, IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering.

[56]  Robert Caverly,et al.  Responsible Innovation: Managing the Responsible Emergence of Science and Innovation in Society , 2013 .

[57]  S. M. Flipse,et al.  Enhancing Socially Responsible Innovation in Industry: Practical Use for Considerations of Social and Ethical Aspects in Industrial Life Science & Technology , 2013 .

[58]  Demis Hassabis,et al.  Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search , 2016, Nature.

[59]  R. V. Schomberg A Vision of Responsible Research and Innovation , 2013 .

[60]  B. Allison,et al.  The Asilomar Survey: Stakeholders’ Opinions on Ethical Issues Related to Brain-Computer Interfacing , 2011, Neuroethics.

[61]  David H. Guston,et al.  Real-time technology assessment , 2020, Emerging Technologies: Ethics, Law and Governance.

[62]  F. Kupper,et al.  Inclusive deliberation and action in emerging RRI practices: the case of neuroimaging in security management , 2016 .

[63]  R. Gross,et al.  Optogenetic Approaches for Controlling Seizure Activity , 2016, Brain Stimulation.

[64]  R. Est,et al.  Governance of nanotechnology in the Netherlands - informing and engaging in different social spheres , 2012 .

[65]  J. Henrich,et al.  Innovation in the collective brain , 2016, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.