Wheat assessment for heat stress tolerance using stress selection indices under distinct planting regimes

Heat stress is a widespread problem due to changing climatic conditions which influence wheat productivity and quality. To assess the heat stress tolerance, thirty-six wheat genotypes (including six advance lines and 30 cultivars) were sown under optimum and delayed planting conditions during 2017-18 at Cereal crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera. The experiment was constructed in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Analysis of variance exhibited significant (p≤0.01) variations among the wheat genotypes, environments, and their interactions for all the traits. Generally, a decline was observed in yield trait means under stressed environment than the optimum environment. Over both test environments, wheat genotype Pakistan-2013 (3746 kg ha) produced the highest grain yield, followed by Zincol2016 (3712 kg ha) and PR-122 (3671 kg ha). With optimum planting conditions, wheat genotype Israr-2017 (4767 kg ha ) was promising for the grain yield, followed by NIFA-Lalma (4733 kg ha) and Paseena-2017 (4725 kg ha). However, genotype PR-122 (3158 kg ha) was prominent in terms of grain yield, followed by Zincol-2016 (3029 kg ha) and Pakistan-2013 (2938 kg ha) with late sowing and stress conditions. Stress selection indices tools i.e., tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), trait stability index (TSI), and trait index (TI) were used and found more effective for identifying stress tolerant wheat genotypes. Based on the selection indices, wheat genotype Pirsabak-2013, followed by Zincol-2016 and PR-122 were found more tolerant and high yielding and that can be used in future breeding schemes for further improvement.

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