Multidimensional P-spline Mixed Models : A unified approach to smoothing on large grids

We consider multidimensional penalized spline mixed models. Currie et al. (2006) emphasized the array nature of the method and Eilers et al. (2006) used multidimensional P -splines together with a new fast and compact algorithm. We combine these ideas and show how to represent multidiensional Psplines as mixed models and propose an atractive unified approach to models which include smooth and random terms.