Between order and chaos

One of the earliest form of agents is called a cellular automata (CA). The idea was originally conceived by the Polish mathematician Stanislaw Ulam in the early 1950s and further developed by John von Neumann and Arthur Brooks. Basically, a CA consists of a lattice of cells, or sites. Each cell has a state whose value is commonly expressed as 0 or 1, black or white, on or off, or a color selected from a set of colors. At discrete “ticks” of the CA clock, this value is updated according to a set of rules that specifies how the state of each cell is computed from its present value and the values of its neighbors.

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