To what extent does nonanalytic reasoning contribute to visual learning in cytopathology?

Acquisition of visual interpretation skills in cytopathology may involve 2 strategies. Analytic strategies require trainees to base their interpretive decisions on carefully considered and often exhaustive cytomorphologic feature lists, a process that can be time‐consuming and inefficient. In contrast, nonanalytic pattern recognition strategies are rarely encouraged during training, even though this approach is characteristic of expert diagnostic behavior. This study evaluated the potential role of nonanalytic learning in cytopathology as an efficient alternative to analytic training.

[1]  M. Schiffman,et al.  Interobserver reproducibility of cervical cytologic and histologic interpretations: realistic estimates from the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study. , 2001, JAMA.

[2]  L. Brooks,et al.  Role of specific similarity in a medical diagnostic task. , 1991, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[3]  N. Dudding,et al.  Accuracy and perceptions of virtual microscopy compared with glass slide microscopy in cervical cytology , 2011, Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology.

[4]  Jonathan Evans.  Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. , 2008, Annual review of psychology.

[5]  K. Eva.  What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning , 2005, Medical education.

[6]  D. Kahneman.  A perspective on judgment and choice: mapping bounded rationality. , 2003, The American psychologist.

[7]  D. Navon.  Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception , 1977, Cognitive Psychology.

[8]  H. Mitchell,et al.  Differences between papanicolaou smears with correct and incorrect diagnoses , 1995, Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology.

[9]  P. Taylor,et al.  A review of research into the development of radiologic expertise: implications for computer-based training. , 2007, Academic radiology.

[10]  N. Mackworth,et al.  The gaze selects informative details within pictures , 1967 .

[11]  G. M. Goldman,et al.  The tacit dimension of clinical judgment. , 1990, The Yale journal of biology and medicine.

[12]  Vimla L. Patel,et al.  Review: A Primer on Aspects of Cognition for Medical Informatics , 2001, J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc..

[13]  D. Kahneman.  MAPS OF BOUNDED RATIONALITY: A PERSPECTIVE ON INTUITIVE JUDGMENT AND CHOICE , 2003 .

[14]  Joanny Gouvernet,et al.  Superiority of a cognitive education with photographs over ABCD criteria in the education of the general population to the early detection of melanoma: A randomized study , 2006, International journal of cancer.

[15]  R. B. Aldridge,et al.  Utility of non-rule-based visual matching as a strategy to allow novices to achieve skin lesion diagnosis. , 2011, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[16]  A. Burgess.  Comparison of receiver operating characteristic and forced choice observer performance measurement methods. , 1995, Medical physics.

[17]  H L Kundel,et al.  Interpreting chest radiographs without visual search. , 1975, Radiology.

[18]  E. Conant,et al.  Holistic component of image perception in mammogram interpretation: gaze-tracking study. , 2007, Radiology.

[19]  M. Polanyi.  The Logic of Tacit Inference , 1966, Philosophy.

[20]  Geoffrey R. Norman,et al.  Impact of a clinical scenario on accuracy of electrocardiogram interpretation , 1999, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[21]  Jeremy M Wolfe,et al.  Prevalence of abnormalities influences cytologists' error rates in screening for cervical cancer. , 2011, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[22]  Lee Brooks,et al.  Non‐analytical models of clinical reasoning: the role of experience , 2007, Medical education.

[23]  R. Glaser,et al.  Expertise in a complex skill: Diagnosing x-ray pictures. , 1988 .

[24]  Mark W. Altom,et al.  Given versus induced category representations: use of prototype and exemplar information in classification. , 1984, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[25]  Claudia Mello-Thoms,et al.  Using gaze-tracking data and mixture distribution analysis to support a holistic model for the detection of cancers on mammograms. , 2008, Academic radiology.

[26]  Kyle R. Cave,et al.  From searching for features to searching for threat: Drawing the boundary between preattentive and attentive vision , 2006 .

[27]  S. Hochstein,et al.  The reverse hierarchy theory of visual perceptual learning , 2004, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[28]  V. Patel,et al.  Domain Knowledge and Hypothesis Genenation in Diagnostic Reasoning , 1990, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[29]  Jonathan Evans.  In two minds: dual-process accounts of reasoning , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[30]  Kenneth I Forster,et al.  DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy , 2003, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[31]  J. Rees,et al.  Using a structured image database, how well can novices assign skin lesion images to the correct diagnostic grouping? , 2009, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[32]  William Hendee,et al.  The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques. , 2010, Medical physics.

[33]  P. Kellman,et al.  Perceptual learning and human expertise. , 2009, Physics of life reviews.

[34]  Kevin W Eva,et al.  Giving Learners the Best of Both Worlds: Do Clinical Teachers Need to Guard Against Teaching Pattern Recognition to Novices? , 2006, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[35]  Jonathan Evans.  Intuition and Reasoning: A Dual-Process Perspective , 2010 .

[36]  Hubert L. Dreyfus,et al.  Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer , 1987, IEEE Expert.

[37]  Rebecca S. Crowley,et al.  The Virtual Slide Set - a Curriculum Development System for Digital Microscopy , 2003, AMIA.

[38]  E. Foucar.  Diagnostic decision-making in anatomic pathology. , 2001, American journal of clinical pathology.

[39]  Bernard Charlin,et al.  An analysis of clinical reasoning through a recent and comprehensive approach: the dual-process theory , 2011, Medical education online.

[40]  R. Mendelsohn,et al.  Abnormal cervical cytology. , 1992, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[41]  Harold L. Kundel,et al.  How to minimize perceptual error and maximize expertise in medical imaging , 2007, SPIE Medical Imaging.

[42]  F. Hafferty,et al.  The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education , 1994, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[43]  Goldman Gm.  The tacit dimension of clinical judgment. , 1990 .