Centrifuge Modelling for Civil Engineers

Modern geotechnical engineering design in civil engineering Introduction Complex role of geotechnical engineers Role of centrifuge modelling Need for numerical and physical modelling Introduction Use of numerical modelling in foundation design Need for physical modelling Benefits of centrifuge modelling Benefits of numerical modelling Complementarity of centrifuge modelling and numerical modelling Summary Uniform circular motion Introduction Uniform circular motion Basic definitions: centripetal and centrifugal forces Use of polar coordinates in uniform circular motion Coriolis force and Euler force Summary Principles of centrifuge modelling Introduction to centrifuge modelling Principles of centrifuge modelling Concepts of a field structure, prototype and the centrifuge model Scaling laws in centrifuge modelling Modelling of models Summary Examples Geotechnical centrifuges: Some design considerations Introduction to geotechnical centrifuges Beam centrifuges Drum centrifuges Summary Errors and limitations in centrifuge modelling Introduction Variation in gravity field Radial gravity field Particle size effects Strain rate effects Coriolis accelerations Summary Centrifuge equipment Model containers Model preparation techniques In-flight actuators In-flight soil characterization techniques Summary Centrifuge instrumentation Introduction Types of instruments Deformation measurement Summary Centrifuge data acquisition systems Introduction Analog to digital conversion Fundamentals of digital data logging Time and frequency domains Signal-to-noise ratio Aliasing and Nyquist frequency Filtering Summary Shallow foundations Introduction Bearing capacity of shallow foundations Modelling of a shallow foundation in a laboratory Centrifuge modelling of shallow foundations Modelling of models Summary Retaining walls Introduction Retaining wall models at laboratory scale Simulating retaining walls in a centrifuge Centrifuge testing of cantilever retaining walls Anchored retaining walls Centrifuge testing of L-shaped walls Centrifuge modelling of propped walls Summary Pile foundations Introduction Laboratory testing of pile foundations Centrifuge modelling of pile foundations Centrifuge modelling of pile installation Centrifuge modelling of laterally loaded piles Centrifuge modelling of tension piles Negative skin friction in piles Large-diameter monopiles Summary Modelling the construction sequences Advanced centrifuge modelling Construction sequence modelling Modelling of staged excavations in front of a retaining wall Modelling the interaction between a retaining wall and a building Influence of diaphragm walls on a pile foundation Modelling of propped retaining wall Tunneling below an existing pile foundation Tunneling below existing pipelines Tunneling below a masonry structure Summary Dynamic centrifuge modelling Modelling of dynamic events Dynamic scaling laws Discrepancies between general and dynamic scaling laws Earthquake simulation in centrifuges Saturation of centrifuge models Centrifuge modelling of the dynamic soil-structure interaction problems Centrifuge modelling of liquefaction problems Summary References