Transmitting 4,000 MW of new windpower from north Dakota to Chicago: new HVDC electric lines or hydrogen pipeline

The authors investigate whether hydrogen pipeline transmission might provide a higher benefit/cost merit than high voltage direct current (HVDC) electric transmission for large-scale North Dakota wind energy delivered to Chicago, where the hydrogen would then be converted back to electricity, in large or small distributed generation (DG) plants, or be used to fuel aircraft and ground vehicles.