Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines: Emerging Topics

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Wind Power Introduction Why do we need wind energy Current status on wind energy technology VAWT and HAWT VAWT drawbacks VAWT advantage Conclusions References CHAPTER 2 Basic Theory for Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamics Introduction General methods Momentum theory Betz limit States of operation of wind turbine Available methods for aerodynamic modelling of wind turbines Blade element momentum theory BEM theory application Navier - Stokes solutions Hybrid methods Conclusions References CHAPTER 3 Dynamics-Based Health Monitoring and Control of Wind Turbine Rotors Introduction Literature review: performance losses due to yaw and pitch control errors Literature review: wind turbine damage mechanisms and failures Literature review: damage detection methods in rotor blades Summary of literature review Experimental HAWT Test Apparatus Test equipment Pitch and yaw control features Test-bed enclosure Data acquisition hardware and methodology Modal Analysis of the Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Introduction Experimental approach for modal testing Experimental results from modal impact testing Data Analysis Approaches Cyclic averaging Operational modal analysis (OMA) Feature extraction Statistical modeling Experimental Results and Discussion Yaw error detection Pitch error detection Ice accretion detection Damage detection Conclusions References CHAPTER 4 Experimental Testing of Wind Turbines Using Wind Tunnels with an Emphasis on Small-Scale Wind Turbines under Low Reynolds Numbers Introduction Challenges of experimental testing Design using blade element and blade element momentum theory Parameters of interest in wind turbine aerodynamic testing Scaling wind turbines for wind tunnel testing Wind tunnel testing Testing airfoils Testing wind turbine systems Corrections for wind tunnel testing 2-D Airfoil flow considerations 2-D Airfoil wind tunnel corrections Blockage corrections for wind turbine rotors 3-D flow effects Nomenclature References CHAPTER 5 Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamics Design Introduction Numerical Simulation Approach to Wind Turbine Blade Performance Evaluation Numerical Methods Numerical and Mathematical Models Aerodynamic Noise Model Moving Reference Frame Model Results Analysis Conclusions References CHAPTER 6 On Ice Accretion for Wind Turbines and Influence of some Parameters Introduction Wind energy Cold Climates Low-temperature climate Icing climate Effects of icing on wind energy Ice Accretion Physical model Computational models ADIS Passive ADIS Active ADIS Computational Analysis of Ice Accretion Icing conditions Case studies Results Conclusions Acknowledgement Nomenclature References CHAPTER 7 Structural Consideration for Wind Turbine Blades Introduction Wind Turbine Blade Failures Self-Healing Technology Concept of self-healing Microcapsule self-healing Hollow-fibre self-healing Scientific Background: Application Self-Healing for Wind Turbine Blades Applications to Wind Turbine Blades Blade Formation Process Flow measurements Blade formation Self-healing study in rotating blades Thermoplastic turbine blades Conclusions References