Symphony: a case study in extending learner-centered design through process space analysis

We are exploring a new class of tools for learners: scaffoldedintegrated tool environments (or SITES), which address the needs oflearners trying to engage in new, complex work processes. A crucialphase within a learner-centered design approach for SITE designinvolves analyzing the work process to identify areas wherelearners need support to engage in the process. Here we discuss thedesign of Symphony, a SITE for high-school science students.Specifically, we discuss how the process-space model helped usanalyze the science inquiry process to help us identify a detailedset of learner needs, leading to a full set of process scaffoldingstrategies for Symphony.

[1]  Terry Winograd,et al.  The Action Workflow Approach to Workflow Management Technology , 1993, Inf. Soc..

[2]  Joseph Krajcik,et al.  The design of guided learner-adaptable scaffolding in interactive learning environments , 1996, CHI.

[3]  Richard Buchanan,et al.  Wicked Problems in Design Thinking , 1992 .

[4]  Elliot Soloway,et al.  Learning theory in practice: case studies of learner-centered design , 1996, CHI.

[5]  Nelson L. Max,et al.  A characterization of the scientific data analysis process , 1992, Proceedings Visualization '92.

[6]  Geraldine Fitzpatrick,et al.  Process Support: Inflexible Imposition or Chaotic Composition? , 1995, Interact. Comput..

[7]  David E. Kieras,et al.  The GOMS Family of Analysis Techniques: Tools for Design and Evaluation , 1994 .

[8]  Joseph Krajcik,et al.  ARTEMIS: learner-centered design of an information seeking environment for K-12 education , 1998, CHI.

[9]  J. Shea National Science Education Standards , 1995 .

[10]  B. Nardi Studying context: a comparison of activity theory, situated action models, and distributed cognition , 1995 .

[11]  Marcia C. Linn,et al.  Key to the information highway , 1996, CACM.

[12]  Daniel D. Suthers,et al.  An integrated approach to implementing collaborative inquiry in the classroom , 1997, CSCL.

[13]  W. Sandoval,et al.  Evolving explanations in high school biology , 1997 .

[14]  Susan E. Newman,et al.  Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the Craft of Reading, Writing, and Mathematics. Technical Report No. 403. , 1987 .

[15]  Terry Winograd,et al.  The action workflow approach to workflow management technology , 1992, CSCW '92.