OPTA—malnutrition in chronic renal failure

Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) is common among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 4 and 5) and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and treatment of malnutrition is essential to improve the outcome of patients with advanced CKD and those undergoing maintenance peritonealdialysis and haemodialysis treatment.

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