Influenza virus assembly and budding at the viral budozone.

Publisher Summary Influenza viruses are enveloped viruses, often spherical (80 to 120 nm in diameter) but also filamentous (several micrometers in length). The lipid envelope is derived from the plasma membrane of the cell in which the virus replicates and is acquired by a budding process from the cell plasma membrane as one of the last steps of virus assembly. Inserted into the virion envelope are viral glycoprotein spikes (10 to 14 nm in length). For influenza A and B viruses, the surface spike glycoproteins are hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The envelope also contains small amounts of a protonselective ion channel (M2 for influenza A virus and BM2 for influenza B virus). Influenza C virus contains only one spike glycoprotein, hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF). Influenza A, B, and C viruses contain a matrix (M1) protein and it is now virtually dogma that the matrix protein underlies the lipid envelope and provides rigidity to the membrane.

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