Degradation Mechanism and Lifetime Improvement Strategy for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Providing adequate lifetimes for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been a challenging issue for a long time because of the naturally weak chemical bonds of organic materials that can be damaged during electrical processes that drive light emission. The lifetime of OLEDs has been dramatically extended to the point where commercialization is feasible due to the development of stable materials and device structures that lessen the damage of the organic materials. However, the lifetime of high efficiency OLEDs represented by phosphorescent OLEDs is still short, and this prevents full utilization in red, green and blue colors. The lifetime of the blue phosphorescent OLEDs is particularly short, i.e., less than one tenth of the lifetime of conventional blue fluorescent OLEDs. Therefore, a large increase in the lifetime of the blue phosphorescent OLEDs is essential. In this work, recent results on the degradation mechanism and operational stability of blue phosphorescent OLEDs are reviewed by classifying them into material and device related approaches. In addition, ideal material and device plans to reach the lifetimes required for commercialization in blue phosphorescent OLEDs are proposed.

[1]  Woochul Lee,et al.  Correlation of doping concentration, charge transport of host, and lifetime of thermally activated delayed fluorescent devices , 2016 .

[2]  Jun Yeob Lee,et al.  Triplet emitter doped exciton harvesting layer for improved efficiency and long lifetime in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes , 2016 .

[3]  Minki Hong,et al.  Effect of Substituents on the Electronic Structure and Degradation Process in Carbazole Derivatives for Blue OLED Host Materials , 2016 .

[4]  C. Oh,et al.  Chemical Bond Stabilization and Exciton Management by CN Modified Host Material for Improved Efficiency and Lifetime in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2016 .

[5]  Hyunsu Cho,et al.  Phenylimidazole-based Homoleptic Iridium(III) Compounds for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-emitting Diodes with High Efficiency and Long Lifetime , 2016 .

[6]  Jun Yeob Lee,et al.  Acridine derived stable host material for long lifetime blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes , 2016 .

[7]  Yuanbin Kang,et al.  High triplet energy electron transport type exciton blocking materials for stable blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes , 2016 .

[8]  F. So,et al.  Efficiency Roll‐Off in Blue Emitting Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Carbazole Host Materials , 2016 .

[9]  L. Duan,et al.  Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency and Stability of Phosphorescent OLEDs Based on Efficient Förster Energy Transfer from Interface Exciplex. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[10]  Ji Han Kim,et al.  Molecular design of host materials for stable blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes , 2016 .

[11]  Jun Yeob Lee,et al.  Direct monitoring of recombination zone shift during lifetime measurement of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes , 2015 .

[12]  Sunghan Kim,et al.  Improved efficiency and stable lifetime in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using a stable exciton blocking layer , 2015 .

[13]  Jun Yeob Lee,et al.  Four times lifetime improvement of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes by managing recombination zone , 2015 .

[14]  Jun Yeob Lee,et al.  Correlation of the molecular structure of host materials with lifetime and efficiency of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[15]  Sangyeob Lee,et al.  Lifetime enhanced phosphorescent organic light emitting diode using an electron scavenger layer , 2015 .

[16]  K. Tanigaki,et al.  Equivalent ambipolar carrier injection of electrons and holes with Au electrodes in air-stable field effect transistors , 2015 .

[17]  Wei Huang,et al.  Dibenzothiophene-Based Phosphine Oxide Host and Electron-Transporting Materials for Efficient Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Diodes through Compatibility Optimization , 2015 .

[18]  Li-ping Zhu,et al.  Triazine-phosphine oxide electron transporter for ultralow-voltage-driven sky blue PHOLEDs , 2015 .

[19]  Sunghan Kim,et al.  Long lifetime blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with an exciton blocking layer , 2015 .

[20]  Jian Li,et al.  Tetradentate Platinum Complexes for Efficient and Stable Excimer‐Based White OLEDs , 2014 .

[21]  F. So,et al.  Phosphorescent dye-doped hole transporting layer for organic light-emitting diodes , 2014 .

[22]  Stephen R Forrest,et al.  Tenfold increase in the lifetime of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes , 2014, Nature Communications.

[23]  Yong Qiu,et al.  High‐Efficiency Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Using Sensitizing Hosts with a Small Singlet–Triplet Exchange Energy , 2014, Advanced materials.

[24]  Junji Kido,et al.  Low‐Driving‐Voltage Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices with External Quantum Efficiency of 30% , 2014, Advanced materials.

[25]  C. Tang,et al.  Investigation of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode host and dopant stability , 2014 .

[26]  Bin Sun,et al.  Exciton–Polaron‐Induced Aggregation of Wide‐Bandgap Materials and its Implication on the Electroluminescence Stability of Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices , 2014 .

[27]  Tyler B Fleetham,et al.  Efficient and Stable White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing a Single Emitter , 2014, Advanced materials.

[28]  Liduo Wang,et al.  Molecular Understanding of the Chemical Stability of Organic Materials for OLEDs: A Comparative Study on Sulfonyl, Phosphine-Oxide, and Carbonyl-Containing Host Materials , 2014 .

[29]  B. Gnade,et al.  Exciton and Polaron Quenching in Doping‐Free Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes from a Pt(II)‐Based Fast Phosphor , 2013 .

[30]  Kwon-Hyeon Kim,et al.  Exciplex‐Forming Co‐host for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Ultimate Efficiency , 2013 .

[31]  J. J. Serrano-Pérez,et al.  Correlating the Lifetime and Fluorine Content of Iridium(III) Emitters in Green Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells , 2013 .

[32]  Burkhard König,et al.  Chemical Degradation in Organic Light‐Emitting Devices: Mechanisms and Implications for the Design of New Materials , 2013, Advanced materials.

[33]  Yuying Hao,et al.  A single-heterojunction electrophosphorescence device with high efficiency, long lifetime and suppressive roll-off , 2013 .

[34]  Q. Wang,et al.  Temporal stability of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes affected by thermal annealing of emitting layers , 2012 .

[35]  Wolfgang Brütting,et al.  Investigation of energy transfer mechanisms between two adjacent phosphorescent emission layers , 2012 .

[36]  Jun Yeob Lee,et al.  Comparison of tetraphenylmethane and tetraphenylsilane as core structures of high-triplet-energy hole- and electron-transport materials. , 2012, Chemistry.

[37]  Yuying Hao,et al.  Double-emission-layer green phosphorescent OLED based on LiF-doped TPBi as electron transport layer for improving efficiency and operational lifetime , 2012 .

[38]  N. Cho,et al.  Comparison of bipolar hosts and mixed-hosts as host structures for deep-blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes. , 2011, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[39]  Liduo Wang,et al.  Tuning of charge balance in bipolar host materials for highly efficient solution-processed phosphorescent devices. , 2011, Organic letters.

[40]  K. Leo,et al.  Analysis of chemical degradation mechanism within sky blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry , 2011 .

[41]  Franky So,et al.  Degradation Mechanisms in Small‐Molecule and Polymer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2010, Advanced materials.

[42]  H. Loebl,et al.  Degradation of HTL layers during device operation in PhOLEDs , 2009 .

[43]  H. Loebl,et al.  Fluorine cleavage of the light blue heteroleptic triplet emitter FIrpic , 2009 .

[44]  Jin Jang,et al.  Ideal host and guest system in phosphorescent OLEDs , 2009 .

[45]  Denis Y. Kondakov,et al.  Role of chemical reactions of arylamine hole transport materials in operational degradation of organic light-emitting diodes , 2008 .

[46]  Junji Mizukami,et al.  Blue Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex. Aromaticity of the Triplet Potential Energy Surface , 2008 .

[47]  Heume-Il Baek,et al.  Simple white organic light emitting diodes with improved color stability and efficiency using phosphorescent and fluorescent emitters , 2008 .

[48]  C. Ha,et al.  Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications , 2008 .

[49]  Brian D'Andrade,et al.  Intrinsic luminance loss in phosphorescent small-molecule organic light emitting devices due to bimolecular annihilation reactions , 2008 .

[50]  William C. Lenhart,et al.  Free‐radical pathways in operational degradation of OLEDs , 2008 .

[51]  Albrecht Winnacker,et al.  Impact of Joule heating on the brightness homogeneity of organic light emitting devices , 2007 .

[52]  William C. Lenhart,et al.  Operational degradation of organic light-emitting diodes: Mechanism and identification of chemical products , 2007 .

[53]  Biwu Ma,et al.  Platinum Binuclear Complexes as Phosphorescent Dopants for Monochromatic and White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2006 .

[54]  S. Bernhard,et al.  Synthetically tailored excited states: phosphorescent, cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes and their applications. , 2006, Chemistry.

[55]  Gang Cheng,et al.  White organic light-emitting devices with a phosphorescent multiple emissive layer , 2006 .

[56]  Wei Huang,et al.  Fluorene-substituted pyrenes : Novel pyrene derivatives as emitters in nondoped blue OLEDs , 2006 .

[57]  M. Mizukami,et al.  Flexible AM OLED panel driven by bottom-contact OTFTs , 2006, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[58]  K. S. Sarma,et al.  Organic light-emitting devices with a hole-blocking layer inserted between the hole-injection layer and hole-transporting layer , 2006 .

[59]  Thomas N. Jackson,et al.  All-organic active matrix flexible display , 2006 .

[60]  C. Chen,et al.  Recent development of blue fluorescent OLED materials and devices , 2005, Journal of Display Technology.

[61]  Yun Chi,et al.  New Dopant and Host Materials for Blue‐Light‐Emitting Phosphorescent Organic Electroluminescent Devices , 2005 .

[62]  Denis Y. Kondakov,et al.  Direct observation of deep electron traps in aged organic light emitting diodes , 2005 .

[63]  Hany Aziz,et al.  Degradation Phenomena in Small-Molecule Organic Light-Emitting Devices , 2004 .

[64]  Hany Aziz,et al.  Temperature dependence of operational stability of organic light emitting diodes based on mixed emitter layers , 2004 .

[65]  R. Wightman,et al.  Light-emitting electrochemical processes. , 2003, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[66]  Libero Zuppiroli,et al.  Internal electric field and charge distribution in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes , 2003 .

[67]  Hany Aziz,et al.  Reliability and degradation of small molecule-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) , 2002 .

[68]  J. Whitten,et al.  Photoemission study of the thermal and photochemical decomposition of a urethane-substituted polythiophene , 2002 .

[69]  Peter I. Djurovich,et al.  Molecularly doped polymer light emitting diodes utilizing phosphorescent Pt(II) and Ir(III) dopants , 2001 .

[70]  Stephen R. Forrest,et al.  Transient analysis of organic electrophosphorescence. II. Transient analysis of triplet-triplet annihilation , 2000 .

[71]  Xu,et al.  Degradation mechanism of small molecule-based organic light-emitting devices , 1999, Science.

[72]  Martin Schadt,et al.  LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS , 1997 .

[73]  S R Forrest,et al.  Vacuum-deposited, nonpolymeric flexible organic light-emitting devices. , 1997, Optics letters.

[74]  Ching Wan Tang,et al.  Organic electroluminescent devices with improved stability , 1996 .

[75]  Hany Aziz,et al.  A degradation mechanism of organic light-emitting devices , 1996 .

[76]  Yuji Hamada,et al.  Influence of the Emission Site on the Running Durability of Organic Electroluminescent Devices , 1995 .

[77]  C. H. Chen,et al.  Electroluminescence of doped organic thin films , 1989 .

[78]  C. Tang,et al.  Organic Electroluminescent Diodes , 1987 .

[79]  Stephen R Forrest,et al.  Deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with very high brightness and efficiency. , 2016, Nature materials.

[80]  Z. Cui,et al.  Homoleptic tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with phenylimidazole ligands for highly efficient sky-blue OLEDs , 2015 .

[81]  Malte C. Gather,et al.  Chemical degradation mechanisms of highly efficient blue phosphorescent emitters used for organic light emitting diodes , 2013 .