Scheduling of Wireless Metering for Power Market Pricing in Smart Grid

Remote metering is a key task in smart grid to collect the power load information for the pricing in power market. A wireless communication infrastructure is assumed for the smart meter network. The dynamics of the power market are assumed to be a Markov decision process (MDP) by modeling the power load evolution as a two-state Markov chain. The fundamental elements of the MDP are discussed and the optimal strategy is obtained from dynamic programming. Due to the curse of dimensions, the myopic strategy is proposed to significantly simplify the algorithm. The validity of the proposed scheduling algorithm is demonstrated using numerical simulations. For example, for price insensitive power users, the average price and power generation errors are reduced by 60% and 40% using the myopic approach, compared with the simple round robin schedule, in certain circumstances.

[1]  A. Eydeland.  Energy and Power Risk Management , 2002 .

[2]  Fangxing Li,et al.  Probabilistic LMP Forecasting Considering Load Uncertainty , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[3]  Fernando L. Alvarado,et al.  The dynamics of power system markets , 1997 .

[4]  A. Bensoussan,et al.  Optimal sensor scheduling in nonlinear filtering of diffusion processes , 1989 .

[5]  R. Srikant,et al.  Distributed Link Scheduling With Constant Overhead , 2006, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[6]  Fangxing Li,et al.  Congestion and Price Prediction Under Load Variation , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[7]  Zhu Han,et al.  Efficient and Secure Wireless Communications for Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grids , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[8]  Husheng Li,et al.  Need-Based Communication for Smart Grid: When to Inquire Power Price? , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[9]  Mark Anderson.  WiMax for smart grids , 2010 .

[10]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Stability properties of constrained queueing systems and scheduling policies for maximum throughput in multihop radio networks , 1992 .

[11]  S. Stoft.  Power System Economics: Designing Markets for Electricity , 2002 .

[12]  Marco Spuri,et al.  Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: Edf and Related Algorithms , 2013 .

[13]  R. Srikant,et al.  Low-Complexity Distributed Scheduling Algorithms for Wireless Networks , 2007, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[14]  R. Srikant,et al.  Scheduling Real-Time Traffic With Deadlines over a Wireless Channel , 1999, WOWMOM '99.

[15]  Jianghai Hu,et al.  Exponential stabilization of discrete-time switched linear systems , 2009, Autom..

[16]  Fangxing Li.  Continuous Locational Marginal Pricing (CLMP) , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.

[17]  Haili Song,et al.  Optimal electricity supply bidding by Markov decision process , 2000 .

[18]  Victor Sreeram,et al.  A Prepaid Smart Metering Scheme Based on WiMAX Prepaid Accounting Model , 2010 .

[19]  Xiaojun Lin,et al.  Constant-Time Distributed Scheduling Policies for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 2006, Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[20]  R. Weron.  Modeling and Forecasting Electricity Loads and Prices , 2006 .

[21]  Robin J. Evans,et al.  Hybrid Dynamical Systems: Controller and Sensor Switching Problems , 2012 .

[22]  Aditya Dua,et al.  Downlink Wireless Packet Scheduling with Deadlines , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[23]  R. Weron.  Modeling and Forecasting Electricity Loads and Prices: A Statistical Approach , 2006 .

[24]  Nada Golmie,et al.  Analysis of advanced metering over a Wide Area Cellular Network , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm).

[25]  R. Srikant,et al.  Distributed Fair Resource Allocation in Cellular Networks in the Presence of Heterogeneous Delays , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[26]  W. Runggaldier,et al.  Optimization of Observations: a Stochastic Control Approach , 1997 .

[27]  Bhaskar Krishnamachari,et al.  On myopic sensing for multi-channel opportunistic access: structure, optimality, and performance , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[28]  Tongxin Zheng,et al.  Marginal loss modeling in LMP calculation , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[29]  J. Nutaro,et al.  The Impact of Market Clearing Time and Price Signal Delay on the Stability of Electric Power Markets , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[30]  Wang Yu,et al.  Modeling electricity markets with hidden Markov model , 2006 .